英語語法:定語從句


一、定義

在複合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。

二、構成

關聯詞+簡單句

定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,定語從句放在先行詞的後面。

引導定語從句的有關係代詞和關係副詞。關係代詞或關係副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯繫作用,同時又作定語從句的一個成分。

三、基本形式

1.由關係代詞引導

that在從句中作主語或賓語,既可指人也可指物。

指物:I will do something that makes you happy.(作主語)

You can do something that you love.(作賓語)

指人:Who is the girl that is sitting there?(作主語)

The man that we saw just now is my uncle.(作賓語)

which在從句中作主語或賓語,只可指物。

This is the pen which stands for memory.(作主語)

This is the pen which he gave to me.(作賓語)

who,whom在從句中分別作主語和賓語,只可指人。

The boy who is reading is my brother.(作主語)

The woman to whom I talked is my mother.(作賓語)

Mr. Li is the person whom you should write to.(作賓語)

whose在定語從句中既可修飾人,也可修飾物。本身就是一個限定詞,相當於one's,不再與其它限定詞連用。

The girl whose mother is a teacher is kind.

The pen whose color is red is mine.

2.由關係副詞引導

where在從句中作狀語,指地點。

This is the school where he works.

when在從句中作狀語,指時間。

This was the time when we arrive.

why在從句中作狀語,指原因。

I don't know the reason why he was late.

注意:當先行詞雖然表示時間、地方或原因,但在從句中是作主語或賓語而不是狀語時,關係詞則不用when,where或why,而用that或which。

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也許你還想看:

英語語法:表語從句

英語語法:賓語從句


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