如何科學地敦促身邊的男性減肥? BMC Public Health

論文標題:Exploring the influences on men’sengagement with weight loss services: a qualitative study

期刊:BMC Public Health

作者:MeganElliott, FionaGillison & JulieBarnett

發表時間:2020/02/25

DOI:10.1186/s12889-020-8252-5


男性往往傾向於不參加減肥計劃,但探究這背後的原因的研究很少。發表在BMC Public Health上的一項新的定性研究的主要作者,在接下來的分享中,討論了她的團隊針對這個問題的研究。


如何科學地敦促身邊的男性減肥? BMC Public Health

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我們對如何減肥或多或少都會有一些瞭解,但這並不能改變我們的行為。使用正規的減肥服務可以有效地幫助那些想要減肥的人們。在英國大部分地區,想要減肥的人可以參與循證小組或一對一的減肥計劃。


然而,參與這些減肥計劃的男性數量卻很少。Counterweight, Weight Watchers, SlimmingWorld and Rosemary Conley Diet 和Fitness Clubs等機構的顧客群中,男性至只佔到了11-25%。在全球肥胖率攀升的如今,英國超重的男性比女性更多,但他們對減肥計劃的參與之低,令人擔憂。


我們發表在BMC PublicHealth 上的文章探索了促使男性參加減肥計劃的因素。在與18名有不同減肥經歷、參與程度不等的男性的訪談中,我們發現了兩個關鍵的主題:因為恐懼引起的改變以及對現有減肥服務的態度。


主題1:因為恐懼引起的改變

醫療人員的診斷、指示和介紹病人去減肥機構都使男性更有動力參加減肥計劃。肥胖帶來的無法挽回的損害和行動不便,和讓病人瞭解到一些替代療法,都明顯影響病人的行為。


“我的體重已經增加到160公斤...我的家庭醫生說,如果我不想繼續增加體重,就可能需要有一個胃帶。我說不,我們不要搞成那樣。”——[參與者2]


看到體重問題對家庭成員的長期影響,往往使男性更有動力去了解自己處境的嚴重性:

“我失去了我的小姨子...她生前一直有很嚴重的體重問題。我看,嗯,這是最終讓她送了命的主要原因。”——[參與者8]


主題2:對現有減肥服務的態度

雖然有強大的健康和恐懼因素,男性仍往往不願意參與或堅持減肥。這可以用以下兩個亞主題解釋其原因:


1:以女性顧客為重心的服務場所:男性屬於少數,使他們在減肥方面尤其感覺不自在和尷尬:

“在Weight Watchers,有大約40個女人和我和另外兩個男人,我感覺被孤立了。”——[參與者4]

一些男性認為,以女性顧客為重心的減肥服務威脅到他們的身份認同,而參與減肥或關注體重是缺乏“男子氣概”的事情。有些男士還說,他們在同齡人面前,體重是個難以啟齒,找不到共鳴的話題:

“我認為主要原因是和男性減肥有關的負面標籤,使男性認為減肥和關注自己的體重很娘。”——[參與者7]


2:現有減肥服務對男性的不友好:通常,現有的減肥服務不是男性想要的;男性認為專注於討論體重和讚揚減肥的計劃太霸道和有侵入性。所以,男性多不願意參與,或三心二意,或半途而廢:

“我不喜歡那些互相為對方鼓掌的尷尬套路。他們還每星期評出本週的最優減肥者什麼的,讓我受不了。”——[參與者13,重複參與了付費計劃]


對實踐的影響

如何科學地敦促身邊的男性減肥? BMC Public Health


本研究中的男性都由於醫學診斷的結果,或併發症的發生帶來的恐懼,產生了強烈的動力去減肥。研究還凸顯了醫療專業人員使病人關注體重問題的重要作用。但由於男性比女性更不常去看家庭醫生,所以,我們應該找一些其他的,診外的方法來增加男性的參與。


調查結果認為,現有以女性為主的減肥服務不符合男性的偏好。所以減肥機構必須提供更適合各種男性的,令他們更滿意的服務形式,例如,全男性、男女混合、和一對一。


瞭解促進或阻礙參與的因素是解決問題和降低肥胖,超重和相關的健康問題的關鍵。


摘要:

Background

Engagement of menwith commercial and UK National Health Service (NHS) weight loss services islow, and few studies report on why this may be. However, evidence shows thatmen who do participate in weight loss programmes tend to lose as much, or moreweight than women. The present study aimed to explore men’s experiences andexpectations of mainstream weight loss services in the UK, following referralfrom a medical professional, particular in relation to barriers and motivators.

Methods

Semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with 18 men with a BMI over 25 kg/m2 includingthose who had, and had not, attended group-based or one-to-one weight lossservices. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Two themes wereidentified; 'Fear as a motivation for change' (1) and 'Attitudestowards existing weight loss services' (2). Within theme two, twosubthemes were identified; ‘Female dominatedservices’ and ‘Incompatibility of existing services formen’. The findings suggest that fear, as a result of a medical diagnosisor referral is a mechanism for motivating men to engage with weight lossservices. This was often augmented by awareness of other people’s experiencesof poor health due to their weight. The gender imbalance and attitudes towardsexisting weight loss services deterred men from engaging with or continuouslyattending sessions. This imbalance resulted in feelings of self-consciousness,shame and a perceived stigma for men using weight loss services. Theseexperiences highlighted the importance of providing services which align withmen’s preferences to promote engagement.

Conclusions

A medicaldiagnosis or referral serves as a strong motivator for men to engage withweight loss services by invoking fear of negative consequences of not losingweight. Men perceived weight loss services to be feminised spaces, in whichthey felt self-conscious and out of place. As a result, men were deterred fromengaging and considered their options were limited. Implications for service designand commissioning are discussed. Involving men in research, service design andevaluation is key to improving their engagement and weight loss.



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