確保句子寫對、結構完整是寫作中最基本的要求。所以，要想完成寫作這棟高樓大廈，就一定先要把地基打好，即掌握好基本句式。否則再漂亮洋氣的作文也只能是空談。英語語言中，最基本的句型只有五種，其它各種複雜的從句、句式也都是從它們演變而來。
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5種基本句型複習
一.主語+謂語(不及物動詞)
此句型中，主語只需要一個實意動詞就可以表達出完整的動作和意思。這類動詞為不及物動詞，後面可以接副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等結構。
1.The 13th National Games will take place in Tianjin at the end of August. (2017天津高考書面表達)
2.As is indicated in the graph, the box-office income of Chinese films increased from 2012 to 2015. (2017年江蘇高考書面表達)
3.Therefore, this new kind of shoes has come into being recently. (2014湖南高考書面表達)
二.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語
該句型的動詞為實意動詞，是由主語發出的動作，但是不能表達完整的意思，必須跟一個賓語，才能表達完整的意思。有時可以由不及物動詞加介詞構成及物動詞完成。賓語即為動作的承受者，可以有名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式等來充當。
1.New members will receive extra guidance on Sunday mornings from 3:30 p.m. to 11:00 a.m... (2017全國卷書面表達)
2.We debated over what to put into the video. (2017北京高考書面表達)
3.Hopelessness and guilt quickly flooded her mind. (2016浙江高考書面表達)
4.It offered teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture. (2015北京高考書面表達)
三.主語+系動詞+表語
該句型主要是說明主語的身份、狀態、特徵，謂語動詞是系統詞，後面接的表語可以為形容詞、名詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、從句等。
1.We may feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. (2019年浙江高考書面表達)
2.The situation may not be that bad.(2016年浙江高考書面表達)
3.It’s great to hear from you! I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history. (2016北京高考書面表達)
4.The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.(2015全國卷書面表達)
四.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語
此句型中的謂語動詞需要跟兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。間接賓語通常是人，直接賓語通常是物。間接賓語可以放在直接賓語的前面；直接賓語也可以藉助to或for等介詞放在間接賓語前面。
1.I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture. (2018北京高考書面表達)
2.The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outing for us these days. (2017浙江高考書面表達)
3.I wish you success in your application. (2017年全國卷書面表達)
4.First, he showed us basic steps and skills of making dough figurines. (2015北京高考書面表達)
五.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語
該句型雖然用了及物動詞加賓語，但是還是不能表達完整的意思，需要加一個補充成分來說明賓語的情況，才能使意思完整。賓語補足語可以是名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞等。
1.Therefore, I would like you to join our school’s table tennis team. (2017全國三卷書面表達)
2.I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty. (2017全國一卷書面表達)
3.As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject.
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提升訓練
一．根據要求完成句子。
1.在我看來，一個沒有朋友的人永遠不會幸福。（主系表）
In my opinion, ______________________________________________.
2.我們尚未決定什麼時候再討論這個問題。（主謂賓）
We haven’t decided __________________________________________.
3.每天早上我們都能聽到他大聲朗讀英語。（主謂賓賓補）
Every morning, we ___________________________________________.
4.奶奶昨晚給我講了一個很有趣的故事。（主謂間賓直賓）
My granny ________________________________________ last night.
5.早睡早起是一個好習慣。（主系表）
_____________________________________________ is a good habit.
6.中國傳統服裝會讓這個場合對英國客人來說非常中國化和有魅力（主謂賓賓補）
The traditional Chinese clothes will ___________________to the British guests.
7.最近10年，我的家鄉發生巨大變化。（主謂）
________________in my hometown in the past decade.
8.這些照片使我想起了我的童年。（主謂賓賓補）
These pictures ___________________________________ my childhood.
9.唐詩是我們下堂課要學的，預計六月二十號在學校圖書館。（主系表）
_______________________, scheduled on July 20 in the school library.
10.我現在正在申請一家外資公司的兼職工作。（主謂賓）
_________________in an overseas-funded corporation.
11.現在，我代表我的同學們，祝你安全返回。（主謂間賓直賓）
___________________________________________________________
12.你的投稿肯定會使這次活動取得巨大成功。（主謂賓賓補）
___________________________________________________________
13.我們學校的乒乓球隊現在正在招收新隊員。（主謂賓）
___________________________________________________________
14.這個展覽的主題是環保。（主系表）
___________________________________________________________
15.車突然在他面前停下來了。（主謂）
____________________________________________________________
【答案】
1.a person without friends can never be happy
2.when to discuss the program again
3.hear him read English
4.told me a very amusing story
5.Going to bed early and rising early
6.make the occasion very Chinese and inviting
7.Great changes have taken place
8.made me think of
9.Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn next class
10.I am applying for a part-time job
11.Now, on behalf of my schoolmates, I wish you a safe return.
12.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.
13.The Student Table Tennis Team of our school is recruiting/looking for new players now.
14.The theme of the show is environmental protection.
15.The car abruptly stopped in front of him.
二．翻譯下列句子，並寫出所屬的基本句式。
1.我是一名美國學生，名叫湯姆。
______________________________________________________________
2.上週我和家人去了北京，參觀了許多名勝古蹟。
______________________________________________________________
3.在參觀期間，我在北京大飯店（Beijing Grand Hotel）住了五天。
______________________________________________________________
4.這個旅館給我們提供了很好的服務。
______________________________________________________________
5.他們總是將房間保持得很整潔。
_______________________________________________________________
6.外國遊客住在那裡很方便。
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】
1．I am an American student, Jim. （主系表）
2．Last week I went to Beijing and visited many places of interest with my family. （主謂賓）
3．During my visit, I stayed at the Beijing Grand Hotel for five days. （主謂）
4．The hotel offered us good service. （主謂賓間賓直賓）
5．They always keep the rooms clean and tidy. （主謂賓賓補）
6．It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay here. （主系表）
三．將上題的1到6句合併成一篇短文，可以適當增加細節。
【答案】
I am an American student whose name is Jim. Last week I went to Beijing and visited many places of interest with my family. During my visit, I stayed at the Beijing Grand Hotel for five days, which offered us good service. And they always keep the rooms clean and tidy. It is very convenient for foreign visitors to stay here, with everything there labeled in both English and Chinese. I was deeply touched by that.
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常用諺語翻譯
1）教育學習類：
1.知識就是力量。
_______________________________________________________________
2.玉不琢不成器。
_______________________________________________________________
3.學無坦途。
_______________________________________________________________
4.天才不過是勤奮而已。
_______________________________________________________________
5.問得多，學得多。
_______________________________________________________________
6.溫故而知新。
_______________________________________________________________
7.活到老學到老。
_______________________________________________________________
8.一知半解是危險的事。
_______________________________________________________________
2）工作與生活類
1.只會用功不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。
_______________________________________________________________
2.良藥苦口利於病。
_______________________________________________________________
3.人生並非康莊大道。
_______________________________________________________________
4.入鄉隨俗。
_______________________________________________________________
5.量體裁衣；量入為出。
_______________________________________________________________
6.五十步笑百步。
_______________________________________________________________
7.謊言站不住。
_______________________________________________________________
8.做人誠信為本。
_______________________________________________________________
3）友情類
1.患難之交真朋友。
_______________________________________________________________
2.老朋友是最好的鏡子。
_______________________________________________________________
3.世上沒有十全十美的朋友。
_______________________________________________________________
4.朋友易失不易得。
_______________________________________________________________
5.濫交朋友者無朋友。
_______________________________________________________________
6.益友難得。
_______________________________________________________________
4）理想與現實類
1.世上無難事，只怕有心人。
_______________________________________________________________
2.下決心成功的人已成功了一半。
_______________________________________________________________
3.偉大的理想造就偉大的人物。
_______________________________________________________________
4.除非親自嘗試，否則你永遠不知道你能夠做什麼
_______________________________________________________________
5.人生應該樹立目標，否則你的精力會白白浪費。
_______________________________________________________________
6.有志者事竟成。
_______________________________________________________________
7.不勞則無獲。
_______________________________________________________________
5）毅力與人生類
1.吃一塹長一智。
_______________________________________________________________
2.逆境出人才。
_______________________________________________________________
3.千里之行始於足下
_______________________________________________________________
4.凡事不可半途而廢。
_______________________________________________________________
5.逆水行舟，不進則退。
_______________________________________________________________
6.否極泰來。
_______________________________________________________________
7.欲速則不達。
_______________________________________________________________
8.條條大道通羅馬。
_______________________________________________________________
9.誰笑到最後，誰笑的最好。
_______________________________________________________________
10.滴水石穿。
_______________________________________________________________
6）成功類
1.良好的開端是成功的一半。
_______________________________________________________________
2．失敗乃成功之母。
_______________________________________________________________
3.萬事開頭難。
_______________________________________________________________
7）時間類
1.歲月不饒人。
_______________________________________________________________
2.時光一去不復返。
_______________________________________________________________
3.一寸光陰一寸金。
_______________________________________________________________
8）關於合作的諺語
1.獨木不成林。
_______________________________________________________________
2.同甘共苦。
_______________________________________________________________
3.三個臭皮匠頂個諸葛亮。
_______________________________________________________________
4.人心齊，泰山移。
_______________________________________________________________
9）幫助類
1.我為人人，人人為我。
_______________________________________________________________
2.愛是退工世界前進的力量。
_______________________________________________________________
3.使他人幸福的人才會真正幸福。
_______________________________________________________________
10）健康類
1.生命在於運動。
_______________________________________________________________
2.健康是最大的財富。
_______________________________________________________________
3.一天一個蘋果，不要求醫問藥。
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】
1）1.Knowledge is power.
2.Unpolished pearls never shine.
3.There is no royal road to learning.
4.Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.
5.He who inquires much learns much.
6.Look for the old so as to learn the new.
7.One is never too old to learn.
8.A little learning is dangerous.
2）1.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
2.Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.
3.Life is not all roses.
4.Do in Rome as Romans do.
5.Cut your coat according to your cloth.
6.The pot calls the kettle black.
7.Lies have short legs.
8.Honesty is the best policy.
3）1.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
2.The best mirror is an old friend.
3.A friend without faults will never be found.
4.A friend is easier lost than found.
5.A friend to all is a friend to none.
6.A faithful friend is hard to find.
4）1.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.
2.He who wills success is half way to it.
3.Great hopes make great man.
4.You never know what you can do till you try.
5.Have an aim in life,or your energies will all be wasted.
6.Where there is a will there is a way.
7.No pains,no gains.
5）1.A fall into a pit,a gain in your wit.
2.Adversity makes a man wise,not rich.
3.Little by little one goes far.
4.Do nothing by halves.
5.He who does not advance loses ground.
6.Things at the worst will mend.
7.More haste,less speed.
8.All roads lead to Rome.
9.He laughs best who laughs last.
10.Constant dripping wears away a stone.
6）1.A good beginning is half done.
2.Failure is the mother of success.
3.Every beginning is difficult.
7）1.Time and tide wait for no man.
2.Lost time is never found again.
3.As every thread of gold is valuable,so is every moment of time.
8）1.One tree can’t make a forest.
2.For better for worse.
3.Two heads are better than one.
4.Both together do best of all.
9）1.All for one and one for all.
2.It is love that makes the world go around.
3.He is truly happy who makes others happy.
10）1.life lies in the movement.
2.Good health is over wealth.
3.An apple a day keeps a doctor away.
