深圳·紅嶺實驗小學
高密度
高速度和高密度已成為深圳的代名詞，深圳是地處亞熱帶的中國城市。 即使經過40年的快速發展，珠江口東側的這座大城市的人口和建築密度仍在迅速增長。 在超高層建築中的居住和工作已成為城市的日常。 城市裡的休閒甚至是教育也都被帶進高空之中。
High speed and high density have become synonymous with Shenzhen, the southern Chinese city in the sub-tropical coast area. The population and urban density of this hyper-city along the eastern side of the Pearl River Estuary is still booming, even after 40 years of rapid development. Living and working in super high-rises has become the daily life of the city. Leisure and even education have also been brought into the sky.
紅嶺實驗小學以及其周邊城市的所在地原本是福田區西北部的一座名為安託山的小山。這座小山在城市裡很有名，因為它為城市填海工程提供了大量的花崗岩土石方，最終山體被基本削平，只剩下一小部分在學校的西側。在採石作業逐步退出後，其餘場地被平整成城市開發用地。
The building site of Hongling Experimental Primary School (HEPS) and its surrounding cities was originally a hill named Antuoshan in the north-west part of Futian District. This hill is widely known in the city because it had provided a huge quantity of granite earthwork for urban reclamation. As a result, the hill almost disappears, except a small lonely part standing to the west of the school site. The rest of the terrain was levelled into urban development land after the gradual withdraw of the quarrying operation.
紅嶺實驗小學的建設場地約為100米見方，原規劃為24個班的小學，由於學校場地不足帶來的巨大壓力，目前的教學班已增加到36個班，總建築面積為原規劃的兩倍。建築容積率超過3.0。
除此之外，東南角的地鐵讓路、道路退縮及規範上對日照間距（雖然在亞熱帶氣候的南方常被質疑，但這仍然是一個強制性的要求）的規定，使得建築設計面臨諸多空間上的挑戰。
The site of HEPS, originally planned for a 24-class school, is about 100 by 100 meters. Its current capacity has increased to 36 classes due to the huge pressure from the lack of school places, with a total floor area doubled of the original planning. The building ratio is over 3. Besides, giving way to the subway line at the southeast corner, the retreat from the road on all sides, and the building code of the sunshine spacing (although often questioned in the south of the country, but it is still a mandatory requirement), the architectural design has to confront many challenges form the space.
垂直機制
因此，校園垂直方向的設計策略變得至關重要。24米以上的學校建築物（低層和高層建築物之間的劃分數量）已在深圳的小學中廣泛使用，但其副作用是垂直交通過多和強制封閉的消防樓梯阻礙了學生的互動。
在紅嶺實驗小學的設計中，建築師努力將建築高度控制在24米以內，以創造水平交往和在建築/景觀空間上回應對兒童的身體和心理特點。
Therefore, design strategy on the vertical orientation becomes crucial. School buildings over 24 meters (the division number between low-rise and high-rise buildings) have been widely applied in Shenzhen’s primary schools, but the side-effect is the obstruction of the students’ interaction caused by overmany vertical traffic and the compulsory closed fire staircases. In the scheme of the HEPS, the architect make effort to control the building height of within 24 meters, to encourage horizontal interactions and tries to respond to the physical and psychological characteristics of children in the architectural/landscape spatial design.
建築被分成東、西兩個不同高度的區域，幾乎可以完全覆蓋可以建設的用地，平面上以兩個鏡像的E字形連接。
西半區利用學習單元之間的強制間距創建出了兩個曲線形邊界的“山谷”庭院。
庭院下沉至地下一層，結合由道路退縮距離中取得的邊坡綠化，為地下一層的文體設施和餐廳空間爭取充足的採光和自然通風。
The school building, divided into two halves with different heights on the east and west, almost fully covers the land that can be constructed in the site. The general plan is an inter-linking mirrored E-shapes. The West Half uses the obligatory spacing between classroom rows to create a “valley” courtyard with two curved boundaries. The courtyards sink to the underground level, combining with the greenery slope garden obtained from the retreating distance site boundary, strives for the underground cultural/sport facilities and canteen space fully illuminated and naturally ventilated.
下沉庭院通過緩坡和露天階梯劇場，與架空、自然起伏的底層相連成為一個整體的地景兒童樂園。200米的環形跑道和運動場位於建築東半區三層屋面，與西側主教學樓的三層相連，方便在二、三、四層的學生在課間通往運動區域。
The sinking courtyard is connected to the overhead and naturally undulating ground floor through a gentle slope in the south courtyard and an open-air stepping theater in the north courtyard, all together becoming a children’s landform park. The 200-meter circular runway and sports ground are placed on the 3rd floor of the Eastern Half, linked to the 2nd level of the main teaching building on the west side, which offers convenience for students on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors to run to the sports area.
運動場下方是一個可以容納300人的禮堂，懸掛在地景樂園中的半戶外泳池上方。主教學樓的第四層和第五層分別是課外教室和教師辦公室，而屋頂是學校的園藝農場。
Underneath of the stadium is a 300-seat auditorium, hanging above the semi-outdoor swimming pool in the landform park. The fourth and fifth floors of the West Half are the extracurricular classrooms and the teacher's office, while the roof is the school's horticultural farm.
單元組織
學習單元——傳統的課堂，是小學生們學習和交流的基本空間單元。建築師在水平的E形平面上構想了成對組合的鼓形平面的教學單元，以適應深圳所處的亞熱帶氣候，避免阻礙隔通風。每層12間教室分成3列，6對一組。每個單元對組合可以通過開閉連接部的靈活隔斷，以滿足合班和分班等不同空間需要。
The learning unit, traditionally the classroom, is the basic spatial cell for primary school students to learn and communicate. The architect conceived separated pairs of drum-shaped learning units on the horizontal E-shaped floor plan, for the subtropical climate in which Shenzhen is located, to avoid blocking fluent ventilation on the facade. Every 12 classrooms are divided into 3 rows and arranged in 6 pairs. Each unit-pair combination can be flexible in opening to join the two units, and closing to separate the two, by the moveable division wall in-between two units.
與傳統的矩形教室相比，鼓形平面有更大的靈活性和自由度，也更有利於多種學習和教學模式的形成。學習單元的有韻律的摺疊曲線和庭院的自由曲線構成了線性活動空間，為孩子們塑造了一個充滿活力的半戶外活動場所。
The drum-shaped plan shows greater flexibility and freedom when compared to the traditional rectangular classrooms. It is also more conducive to a variety of learning and teaching patterns. The rhythmic folding curve outline of the learning units and the curve edge of the courtyard form the linear activity space to shape a dynamic semi-outdoor venue for the children.
建築師利用場地南北之間的高度差，在每層三排列學習單元之間做1米的斜坡連接，並在E形平板上創造了地景式行進體驗。
最終，懸掛在兩個“山谷”庭院中間的兩座鋼梯花園橋，連接了庭院的不同樓層，為“山谷”增添了獨特的觀賞和遊戲體驗。
The architect maintains and uses the height different between the north and south of the site, to make 1-meter slopes to connect between the three rows of learning units on each floor and create also the landform experience on the E-shaped floor plate. In the end, two steel stepped garden bridges hung in the middle of the two “Valley” courtyards, connecting the different floors of the courtyard, are adding unique viewing and gaming experiences over the “Valley”.
“山谷”庭院，動感的水平層板，疏鬆的單元組織以及植入的有機綠化系統是對高密度和亞熱帶南方氣候回應的建造策略。此外重要的是，建築師希望通過紅嶺實驗小學的建造過程和結果，能進一步探索高速發展之後的高密度城市公共性設施的全新空間範式。
“Valley” courtyards, dynamic horizontal slabs, loose cellular fabric, and the implanted organic greening systems are the design strategies to response to high-density urban condition and the subtropical southern climates. Furthermore, through the process and results of the HEPS, the architect aims at a new spatial productive paradigm for designing of public facilities in high-density Shenzhen.
總平面圖
底層平面圖
首層平面圖
二層平面圖
三、四層平面圖
剖面圖
軸測圖
E形平板模型
山谷庭院
示意圖
模型
地式樂園
設計策略
建築師：廣州源計劃(建築)事務所 (O-office Architects)
地點：深圳
項目建築師：董京宇，陳曉霖
主建築師：何健翔，蔣瀅
設計團隊：吳一飛，張婉怡，王玥，黃城強，曾維，何文康，蔡樂歡，彭偉森，何振中
面積：33721.0平方米
年份：2019年
攝影：張超，吳嗣銘，黃城強
本文資料來自：廣州源計劃(建築)事務所，版權歸原作者所有，如有侵權，請聯繫我們
