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【往期回顧】
今天我們接著來看第89課的“每課一句”。
一、課文原文
Lesson 89 A slip of the tongue
People will do anything to see a free show - even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen!'
——選自《新概念英語》第二冊，外語教學與研究出版社，1997年10月第1版
二、每課一句
When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.
注意本句中的that所引導的從句為同位語從句，用來修飾the news。
所謂同位語，是指一個名詞（或其它形式）對另一個名詞進行解釋或說明，而這個名詞（或其它形式）就是另一個名詞的同位語。同位語和被解釋說明的詞在邏輯上是主表關係。
同位語從句與被其解釋或說明的詞在邏輯上也是主表關係。
以上句話為例，句中的that從句就是同位語從句，它是the news的同位語，兩者的關係可以表示為：
The news is that a comedy would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company.
即：
the news是主語，而that從句是表語。
需要注意的是，與定語從句不同的是，同位語從句本身並不缺成分，that只起連接作用，不在從句中充當任何句子成分。
比如：
1) The fact that he is a spy surprises us all.
2) The fact that he told us just now surprised us all.
第1句中的that從句不缺成分，說明該從句為同位語從句，其意思是：他是個間諜的事實讓我們每個人都很驚訝。
第2句中的that從句缺賓語，說明該從句為定語從句，其意思是：他剛才告訴我們的事實讓我們每個人都很驚訝。
三、更多拓展
Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
注意這句話中的need not have felt disappointed和shoul have appeared屬於“情態動詞+have done”表虛擬語氣的用法，表示“原本不必”或“本應該”，是對已經發生的事實的虛擬假設，往往是與實際情況相反或不符合實際情況的。
該用法在第二冊第41課裡早就出現過了，比如：
'You needn't have said that,' my wife answered.
句中的needn't have said that就表示“本不必那麼說的”，也就是“原本不必做某事”，但事實上已經做了。
如果覺得好，歡迎繼續關注廖懷寶的頭條號“新概念英語的教與學”！
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