hold [həʊld]
vt.拿，握；使保持某种状态(或姿势)；掌握(权力)；推迟，延迟；拥有，保存；托住，支承；认为，相信；吸引；占据，据守；容纳；举行
vi.支持住；持续；有效，适用
n.握住，抓住；控制；货舱；中断；暂停
【商】hold down 阻止(物价等)上涨；压制；保住(工作等)
【搭】catch/get/take hold of 抓住，得到；hold forth 滔滔不绝地讲；hold off 推迟；阻止；hold with 赞成；hold out 伸出；维持；坚持(要求)
含义分解：
verb
【不规则形式】 held, held
手；双臂 in hand/arms
含义精学1：
[VN] 拿着；抓住；抱住；托住to carry sth; to have sb/sth in your hand, arms, etc.
【例】She was holding a large box. 她提着一只大箱子。
【例】I held the mouse by its tail.我抓着耗子的尾巴倒提起来。
【例】The girl held her father's hand tightly.女孩紧紧地拉着她父亲的手。
【例】He was holding the baby in his arms.他抱着婴儿。
【例】The winning captain held the trophy in the air.获胜队的队长把奖杯高举到空中。
【例】We were holding hands (= holding each other's hands) .我们手拉着手。
【例】The lovers held each other close.这对恋人紧紧相拥。
含义精学2：
[VN] 抱住，捂住，按住（受伤的身体部位等）to put your hand on part of your body, usually because it hurts
【例】She groaned and held her head.她呻吟着，用手抱住头。
位置 in position
含义精学3：
[usually + adv./prep.] 使保持（在某位置）to keep sb/sth in a particular position
【例】[VN] Hold your head up.抬起头来。
【例】Hold this position for a count of 10.保持这个姿势别动，数到10。
【例】The wood is held in position by a clamp.这木头用夹钳固定住了。
【例】I had to hold my stomach in (= pull the muscles flat) to zip up my jeans.我得把肚皮收紧才能拉上牛仔裤的拉链。
【例】[VN-ADJ] I'll hold the door open for you.我会把门给你开着的。
支撑 support
含义精学4：
[VN] 支撑…的重量to support the weight of sb/sth
【例】I don't think that branch will hold your weight.我觉得那根树枝撑不住你的重量。
容纳；包含 contain
含义精学5：
[VN] 容纳；包含to have enough space for sth/sb; to contain sth/sb
【例】This barrel holds 25 litres.这只桶能盛25升。
【例】The plane holds about 300 passengers.这架飞机可容纳大约300名乘客。
监禁 sb prisoner
含义精学6：
监禁；拘留to keep sb and not allow them to leave
【例】[VN] Police are holding two men in connection with last Thursday's bank raid.警方拘留了两名与上星期四的银行抢劫案有关的男子。
【例】[VN-N] He was held prisoner for two years.他被囚禁了两年。
控制 control
含义精学7：
[VN] 守卫；控制to defend sth against attack; to have control of sth
【例】The rebels held the radio station.叛乱者占据了电台。
保持 remain
含义精学8：
[V] 顶住；坚持住；保持原位to remain strong and safe or in position
【例】They were afraid the dam wouldn't hold.他们担心大坝会溃堤。
含义精学9：
[V] 保持不变to remain the same
【例】How long will the fine weather hold?好天气会持续多久？
【例】If their luck holds, they could still win the championship.如果他们的好运持续下去，他们仍能赢得冠军。
使持续 keep
含义精学10：
[VN] 使（注意力或兴趣）持续不减；吸引住to keep sb's attention or interest
【例】There wasn't much in the museum to hold my attention.博物馆中没有很多让我感兴趣的东西。
含义精学11：
[VN] 使保持同样程度（或比率、速度等）to keep sth at the same level, rate, speed, etc.
【例】Hold your speed at 70.保持70迈的速度。
含义精学12：
[VN] 保存；存贮to keep sth so that it can be used later
records held on computer:存在计算机中的记录
【例】Our solicitor holds our wills.律师保存着我们的遗嘱。
【例】We can hold your reservation for three days.您的预订我们可以保留三天。
拥有 own
含义精学13：
[VN] 拥有；持有to own or have sth
【例】Employees hold 30% of the shares.雇员持有30%的股份。
工作 job
含义精学14：
[VN] 担任；任职to have a particular job or position
【例】How long has he held office?他任职有多久了？
纪录；称号 record/title
含义精学15：
[VN] 获得；赢得to have sth you have gained or achieved
【例】Who holds the world record for the long jump?跳远世界纪录的保持者是谁？
【例】She held the title of world champion for three years.她保持了三年的世界冠军头衔。
意见 opinion
含义精学16：
[VN] 怀有，持有（信念、意见）to have a belief or an opinion about sb/sth
【例】He holds strange views on education.他对教育的看法不同寻常。
【例】She is held in high regard by her students (= they have a high opinion of her) .学生对她评价很高。
firmly-held beliefs坚定的信念
含义精学17：
(formal) 认为；相信to consider that sth is true
【例】[V that] I still hold that the government's economic policies are mistaken.我仍然认为政府的经济政策是错误的。
【例】[VN-ADJ] Parents will be held responsible for their children's behaviour.父母将要对孩子的行为负责。
【例】[VN to inf] These vases are held to be the finest examples of Greek art.这些花瓶被视为希腊艺术的最佳典范。
【帮助说明】 This pattern is usually used in the passive. 此句型通常用于被动语态。
会议 meeting
含义精学18：
[VN] [usually passive] 召开；举行；进行to have a meeting, competition, conversation, etc.
【例】The meeting will be held in the community centre.会议将在社区活动中心举行。
【例】It's impossible to hold a conversation with all this noise.噪音这么大，根本没法进行交谈。
道路；路线 road/course
含义精学19：
[VN] （尤指机动车高速时）平稳行驶if a vehicle holds the road , it is in close contact with the road and easy to control, especially when driven fast
含义精学20：
[VN] （船或飞机）保持航线if a ship or an aircraft holds a course , it continues to move in a particular direction
音乐 in music
含义精学21：
[VN] 延长，继续唱（某音符）to make a note continue for a particular time
电话 on telephone
含义精学22：
（打电话时）等待，不挂断to wait until you can speak to the person you have telephoned
【例】[V] That extension is busy right now. Can you hold?分机现在占线。您能等一会吗？
【例】[VN] She asked me to hold the line .她要我别挂断电话。
停止 stop
含义精学23：
[VN] 停下；不要做used to tell sb to stop doing sth or not to do sth
【例】Hold your fire! (= don't shoot) 别开枪！
【例】Hold the front page! (= don't print it until a particular piece of news is available) 把头版暂时空着！
【例】(NAmE, informal) Give me a hot dog, but hold the (= don't give me any) mustard.给我来份热狗，但别加芥末。
习语Most idioms containing hold are at the entries for the nouns and adjectives in the idioms, for example hold the fort is at fort . 大多数含hold的习语，都可在该等习语中的名词及形容词相关词条找到，如hold the fort在词条fort下。
hold good
正确；适用to be true
【例】The same argument does not hold good in every case.同样的论点并非在所有的情况下都正确。
hold it
(informal) 稍等；别动used to ask sb to wait, or not to move
【例】Hold it a second─I don't think everyone's arrived yet.请稍候——我想人还没有到齐。
there is no holding sb
阻拦不住某人a person cannot be prevented from doing sth
【例】Once she gets onto the subject of politics there's no holding her.她一谈起政治就滔滔不绝。
短语动词
hold sth against sb
因某人的所为而对其评价低to allow sth that sb has done to make you have a lower opinion of them
【例】I admit I made a mistake─but don't hold it against me.我承认我做错了——但别因此而看不起我。
hold sb/sth↔back
1
拦阻；阻挡to prevent sb/sth from moving forward or crossing sth
【例】The police were unable to hold back the crowd.警察阻拦不住人群。
2
妨碍进展to prevent the progress or development of sb/sth
【例】Do you think that mixed-ability classes hold back the better students?你认为把不同能力的学生混合在一起的班级会妨碍较高水平学生的进步吗？
hold sth↔back
1
不向（某人）透露情况；隐瞒to not tell sb sth they want or need to know
to hold back information
隐瞒信息
2
抑制，控制（感情等）；不露声色to stop yourself from expressing how you really feel
【例】She just managed to hold back her anger.她勉强压住了自己的怒火。
【例】He bravely held back his tears.他勇敢地没让眼泪流出来。
hold back (from doing sth)
hold sb back (from doing sth)
（使）犹豫，踌躇to hesitate or to make sb hesitate to act or speak
【例】She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.她踌躇着，不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。
【例】I wanted to tell him the truth, but something held me back.我本想告诉他真实情况，但又开不了口。
hold sb↔down
1
按住某人to prevent sb from moving, using force
【例】It took three men to hold him down.三个人才把他制伏了。
2
剥夺某人的自由（或权利）to prevent sb from having their freedom or rights
【例】The people are held down by a repressive regime.人民受到了专制政权的压迫。
hold sth↔down
1
使保持低水平to keep sth at a low level
【例】The rate of inflation must be held down.通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上。
2
[no passive] 保住（工作、职位）to keep a job for some time
【例】He was unable to hold down a job after his breakdown.他精神崩溃以后就没能保住工作。
3
[no passive] (NAmE, informal) 限制（尤指噪音）to limit sth, especially a noise
【例】Hold it down, will you? I'm trying to sleep!小点声行吗？我要睡觉！
hold forth
喋喋不休；大发议论to speak for a long time about sth in a way that other people might find boring
hold sth↔in
克制，忍住（真实感情）to not express how you really feel
to hold in your feelings/anger不流露感情；忍住怒火
反义词： let sth out
hold off
1
(of rain or a storm 雨或风暴) 不开始；延迟to not start
【例】The rain held off just long enough for us to have our picnic.雨还好，等到我们用完野餐才下起来。
2
推迟to not do sth immediately
【例】We could get a new computer now or hold off until prices are lower.我们现在就可以买新计算机，不然就等到降价再说。
【例】[+ -ing] Could you hold off making your decision for a few days?你能推迟几天再作决定吗？
hold sb/sth↔off
战胜；克服to stop sb/sth defeating you
【例】She held off all the last-minute challengers and won the race in a new record time.她最后一刻甩掉了所有对手，以新的纪录赢得了赛跑冠军。
hold on
1
(informal) 等着；停住used to tell sb to wait or stop
同义词： wait
【例】Hold on a minute while I get my breath back.稍等一下，让我喘口气。
【例】Hold on! This isn't the right road.等一下！这条路不对。
2
（在困境或危险中）坚持住，挺住to survive in a difficult or dangerous situation
【例】They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们勉强坚持到救援到来。
3
(informal) （电话用语）别挂断，等一下used on the telephone to ask sb to wait until they can talk to the person they want
【例】Can you hold on? I'll see if he's here.等一下行吗？我去看看他在不在。
hold sth↔on
固定to keep sth in position
【例】These nuts and bolts hold the wheels on.这些螺母和螺栓把轮子固定住了。
【例】The knob is only held on by sticky tape.这个旋钮只是用胶带粘住的。
hold on (to sth/sb)
hold onto sth/sb
[no passive] 抓紧；不放开to keep holding sth/sb
【例】Hold on and don't let go until I say so.握紧，等我让你松手时再松开。
【例】He held onto the back of the chair to stop himself from falling.他扶住椅子后背，以免摔倒。
note at hold
hold on to sth
hold onto sth
1
保住（优势）；不送（或不卖）某物to keep sth that is an advantage for you; to not give or sell sth to sb else
【例】You should hold on to your oil shares.你应该继续保留住你的石油股份。
【例】She took an early lead in the race and held onto it for nine laps.赛跑一开始她便冲到了前面，并九圈一直保持领先。
2
（替别人或更长时间地）保存某物to keep sth for sb else or for longer than usual
【例】I'll hold onto your mail for you until you get back.你回来之前我将一直替你保管邮件。
hold out
1
维持；坚持to last, especially in a difficult situation
【例】We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out.我们可以在这里一直待到我们的储备品用完。
2
抵抗；幸存to resist or survive in a dangerous or difficult situation
【例】The rebels held out in the mountains for several years.反叛分子在山区顽抗了几年。
hold out sth
提供机会；给予希望；使有可能to offer a chance, hope or possibility of sth
【例】Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering.医生对她的痊愈不抱很大的希望。
hold sth↔out
伸出手（或胳膊）；递出东西to put your hand or arms, or sth in your hand, towards sb, especially to give or offer sth
【例】I held out my hand to steady her.我伸出手扶住她。
【例】He held out the keys and I took them.他伸手把钥匙递过来，我接了。
hold out for sth
[no passive] （为得到利益）拖延达成协议to cause a delay in reaching an agreement because you hope you will gain sth
【例】The union negotiators are holding out for a more generous pay settlement.工会谈判代表拖延着，以期达成较优厚的薪酬协议。
hold out on sb
(informal) 拒绝告诉（或给予）某人to refuse to tell or give sb sth
hold sth↔over
[usually passive]
1
搁置；推迟to not deal with sth immediately; to leave sth to be dealt with later
同义词： postpone
【例】The matter was held over until the next meeting.这件事被推迟到下次会议。
2
延长（电影、戏剧等）的上演期to show a film/movie, play, etc. for longer than planned
【例】The movie proved so popular it was held over for another week.这部电影十分受欢迎，因此又继续上演了一周。
hold sth over sb
以某事要挟（或威逼）某人to use knowledge that you have about sb to threaten them or make them do what you want
hold sb to sth
1
要求某人遵守诺言to make sb keep a promise
2
压住对方；不让对方的（得分等）超过己方to stop an opposing team scoring more points, etc. than you
【例】The league leaders were held to a 0–0 draw.联赛积分领先的队被逼成了0:0的平局。
hold together
hold sth ↔ together
1
（使）保持团结to remain, or to keep sth, united
【例】A political party should hold together.一个政党应当团结一致。
【例】It's the mother who usually holds the family together.使全家人凝聚在一起的通常是母亲。
2
(of an argument, a theory or a story 论点、理论或故事) 合乎逻辑；连贯to be logical or consistent
【例】Their case doesn't hold together when you look at the evidence.你看一下证据就知道他们的论点前后不一致。
compare hang together at hang v.
3
（机器、物品）完好无损if a machine or an object holds together or sth holds it together , the different parts stay together so that it does not break
hold up
支持住；承受住；支撑得住to remain strong and working effectively
【例】She's holding up well under the pressure.她承受住了压力。
hold sb/sth↔up
[often passive]
1
搀扶；支撑；举起；抬起to support sb/sth and stop them from falling
2
延迟；阻碍to delay or block the movement or progress of sb/sth
【例】An accident is holding up traffic.一场事故造成了交通阻塞。
【例】My application was held up by the postal strike.我的申请因邮政部门罢工而耽搁了。
related noun hold-up(1)
3
举出（例子）；提出（作为榜样）to use or present sb/sth as an example
【例】She's always holding up her children as models of good behaviour.她总是举例说自己的孩子表现如何好。
【例】His ideas were held up to ridicule.他的想法被当成了笑料。
hold up sth
持枪抢劫（银行、商店等）to steal from a bank, shop/store, etc. using a gun
related noun hold-up(2)
hold with sth
[no passive] (used in negative sentences or in questions 用于否定句或疑问句) 同意；赞成to agree with sth
同义词： approve of
【例】I don't hold with the use of force.我不赞成使用武力。
【例】[+ -ing] They don't hold with letting children watch as much TV as they want.他们不赞成让孩子随心所欲地看太多电视。
noun
用手 with hand
1
[sing., U] 抓；握；拿；支撑the action of holding sb/sth; the way you are holding sb/sth
同义词： grip
【例】His hold on her arm tightened.他把她的胳膊抓得更紧了。
【例】She tried to keep hold of the child's hand.她尽力拉住那孩子的手不放。
【例】Make sure you've got a steady hold on the camera.一定要拿稳相机。
体育运动 in sport
2
[C] 持；握；抓；抱；（尤指摔跤、拳击中的）擒拿法a particular way of holding sb, especially in a sport such as wrestling or in a fight
【例】The wrestler put his opponent into a head hold.那位摔跤手给对手来了个头部擒拿。
权力；控制 power/control
3
[sing.] ~ (on/over sb/sth)
影响；左右力；控制influence, power or control over sb/sth
【例】What she knew about his past gave her a hold over him.她知道他的过去，所以能够控制他。
【例】He struggled to get a hold of his anger.他竭力压制自己的怒火。
see also stranglehold
攀登 in climbing
4
[C] 支撑点（可手攀或脚踏的地方）a place where you can put your hands or feet when climbing
see also foothold, handhold, toehold
船；飞机 on ship/plane
5
[C] 货舱the part of a ship or plane where the goods being carried are stored
习语
catch, get, grab, take, etc. (a) hold of sb/sth
抓住；拿着；握着；握住to have or take sb/sth in your hands
【例】He caught hold of her wrists so she couldn't get away.他抓住她的手腕，使她无法挣脱。
【例】Lee got hold of the dog by its collar.李拉住了狗的项圈。
【例】Quick, grab a hold of that rope.快，抓住那条绳子。
【例】Gently, she took hold of the door handle and turned it.她轻轻地握住门把手扭动了它。
get hold of sb
和某人联系；找到某人to contact or find sb
【例】Where have you been? I've been trying to get hold of you all day.你去哪了？我一整天都在找你。
get hold of sth
1
找到所需要的东西to find sth that you want or need
【例】I need to get hold of Tom's address.我需要找到汤姆的地址。
【例】It's almost impossible to get hold of tickets for the final.几乎不可能搞到决赛的门票。
2
学会；理解to learn or understand sth
no holds barred
不加约束；没有限制with no rules or limits on what sb is allowed to do
on hold
1
推迟；中断delayed until a later time or date
【例】She put her career on hold to have a baby.她中断了事业以便生孩子。
【例】The project is on hold until more money is available.这项工程暂停，等到有更多的钱时再进行。
2
（电话接通时）等某人接电话if a person on the telephone is put on hold , they have to wait until the person that they want to talk to is free
take (a) hold
开始完全控制；变得十分强大to begin to have complete control over sb/sth; to become very strong
【例】Panic took hold of him and he couldn't move.他突然惊慌得动弹不得。
【例】They got out of the house just before the flames took hold.他们就在大火吞噬房子之前逃了出来。
【例】It is best to treat the disease early before it takes a hold.最好还是病向浅中医。
get (hold of) the wrong end of the stick
(BrE, informal) 误解；误会to understand sth in the wrong way
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