华兹华斯诞辰250周年


华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)

1770.4.7-1850.4.23

华兹华斯是英国浪漫主义运动中最伟大和最有影响的诗人,与科勒律治、骚塞同被称为湖畔派诗人。

他出生在位于湖区西北部的坎布里亚郡考克茅斯,曾就读于剑桥大学圣约翰学院。

二十五岁时,他与诗人科勒律治相识,于1798年共同出版诗集《抒情歌谣集》,成为英国文学史上最伟大的篇章之一。

其后,华兹华斯以故乡的湖区为据点,发表赞美自然的诗作。他居住的家宅被称为“鸽舍”,他常常在附近散步的同时推敲自己的构思并获得灵感。

华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

华兹华斯在这座鸽舍里度过了作为诗人最为纯熟的时期

华兹华斯的书房里没有书桌,由妻子以及妹妹多萝西记下他口述的诗句,以此推进自己的创作。

诗人科勒律治在其文评集《文学传记》中如此评价华兹华斯:

他选择了卑微而质朴的生活,“因为在这种环境中,内心的根本热情会找到更为优质的土壤,在那里,它们可以成熟起来,不再那么拘束,会说一种更直白、更富于强调的语言;因为在这种生活状态下,我们的基本感情都以一种更加淳朴的状态存在,因此我们才能够更加准确地加以思索,更加有力地交流;因为田园生活的方式是从这些基本的情感中萌发出来的;从田园生活的必要特征来看,田园生活更容易理解,更持久;最后,因为在这种环境下,人类的激情能够与美丽而永恒的自然形式结合在一起”。

华兹华斯终生定居于田园乡野,从自然中汲取欢乐、智慧与力量。他的诗风清淡朴素、含义隽永。1843年,华兹华斯继骚塞之后获得“桂冠诗人”称号。

华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

格拉斯米尔湖静谧的湖面倒映着天空。鸽舍就在格拉斯米尔湖的近旁

突如其来的疫情,让我们每一个人对自然的敬畏,对生命的反思,都比往常更加贴切、更加深刻。

今天,是华兹华斯诞辰250周年纪念日。

在繁花盛开的季节,让我们跟着诗人一起感受生命的美,大自然的美吧。

华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

写于早春

我躺卧在树林之中,

听着融谐的千万声音,

闲适的情绪,愉快的思想,

却带来了忧心忡忡。

大自然把她的美好事物

通过我联系人的灵魂,

而我痛心万分,想起了

人怎样对待着人。

那边绿荫中的樱草花丛,

有长春花在把花圈编织,

我深信每朵花不论大小,

都能享受它呼吸的空气。

四围的鸟儿跳了又耍,

我不知道它们想些什么,

但它们每个细微的动作,

似乎都激起心头的欢乐。

萌芽的嫩枝张臂如扇,

捕捉那阵阵的清风,

使我没法不深切地感到,

它们也自有欢欣,

如果上天叫我这样相信,

如果这是大自然的用心,

难道我没有理由悲叹

人怎样对待着人?

(王佐良 译)

Lines Written in Early Spring

I heard a thousand blended notes,

While in a grove I sate reclined,

In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts

Bring sad thoughts to the mind.

To her fair works did Nature link

The human soul that through me ran;

And much it grieved my heart to think

What man has made of man.

Through primrose tufts, in that green bower,

The periwinkle trailed its wreaths;

And ’tis my faith that every flower

Enjoys the air it breathes.

The birds around me hopped and played,

Their thoughts I cannot measure:—

But the least motion which they made

It seemed a thrill of pleasure.

The budding twigs spread out their fan,

To catch the breezy air;

And I must think, do all I can,

That there was pleasure there.

If this belief from heaven be sent,

If such be Nature’s holy plan,

Have I not reason to lament

What man has made of man?

华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

《我孤独地漫游,像一朵云》

我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

在山丘和谷地上飘荡,

忽然间我看见一群

金色的水仙花迎春开放,

在树荫下,在湖水边,

迎着微风起舞翩翩。

连绵不绝,如繁星灿烂,

在银河里闪闪发光,

它们沿着湖湾的边缘

延伸成无穷无尽的一行;

我一眼看见了一万朵,

在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。

粼粼波光也在跳着舞,

水仙的欢欣却胜过水波;

与这样快活的伴侣为伍,

诗人怎能不满心欢乐!

我久久凝望,却想象不到

这奇景赋予我多少财宝,——

每当我躺在床上不眠,

或心神空茫,或默默沉思,

它们常在心灵中闪现,

那是孤独之中的福祉;

于是我的心便涨满幸福,

和水仙一同翩翩起舞。

(飞白 译)

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

I wandered lonely as a cloud

That floats on high o'er vales and hills,

When all at once I saw a crowd,

A host, of golden daffodils;

Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as the stars that shine

And twinkle on the milky way,

They stretched in never-ending line

Along the margin of a bay:

Ten thousand saw I at a glance,

Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they

Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:

A poet could not but be gay,

In such a jocund company:

I gazed—and gazed—but little thought

What wealth the show to me had brought:

For oft, when on my couch I lie

In vacant or in pensive mood,

They flash upon that inward eye

Which is the bliss of solitude;

And then my heart with pleasure fills,

And dances with the daffodils.

华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

《我心雀跃》

当天边彩虹映入眼帘,

我心为之雀跃;

初生时即如此,

我现在仍不变,

将来也会如此,

否则我宁愿死去!

儿童是成人之父;

愿自然虔诚的意念,

将我生涯的每个日子连串起来。

自幼至老,深信不移。

My Heart Leaps Up

My heart leaps up when I behold

A rainbow in the sky:

So was it when my life began; ,

So is it now I am a man;

So be it when I shall grow old, ,

Or let me die!

The Child is father of the Man;

And I could wish my days to be

Bound each to each by natural piety.

华兹华斯诞辰250周年 | 我孤独地漫游,像一朵云

《孤独的割麦女》

看她,在田里独自一个,

那个苏格兰高原的少女!

独自在收割,独自在唱歌;

停住吧,或者悄悄走过去!

她独自割麦,又把它捆好,

唱着一只忧郁的曲调;

听啊!整个深邃的谷地

都有这一片歌声在洋溢。

从没有夜莺能够唱出

更美的音调来欢迎结队商,

疲倦了,到一个荫凉的去处

就在阿拉伯沙漠的中央:

杜鹃鸟在奏叫得多动人,

也没有这样子荡人心魂,

尽管它惊破了远海的静悄,

响彻了赫伯里底群岛。

她唱的是什么,可有谁说得清?

哀怨的曲调里也许在流传

古老,不幸,悠久的事情,

还有长远以前的征战;

或者她唱的并不特殊,

只是今日的家常事故?

那些天然的丧忧、哀痛,

有过的,以后还会有的种种?

不管她唱的是什么题目,

她的歌好象会没完没了;

我看见她边唱边干活,

弯着腰,挥动她的镰刀——

我一动也不动,听了许久;

后来,当我上山的时候,

我把歌声还记在心上,

虽然早已听不见声响。

(卞之琳 译)

The Solitary Reaper

Behold her, single in the field,

Yon solitary Highland Lass!

Reaping and singing by herself;

Stop here, or gently pass!

Alone she cuts and binds the grain,

And sings a melancholy strain;

O listen! for the Vale profound

Is overflowing with the sound.

No Nightingale did ever chaunt

More welcome notes to weary bands

Of travellers in some shady haunt,

Among Arabian sands:

A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard

In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird,

Breaking the silence of the seas

Among the farthest Hebrides.

Will no one tell me what she sings?—

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow

For old, unhappy, far-off things,

And battles long ago:

Or is it some more humble lay,

Familiar matter of to-day?

Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain,

That has been, and may be again?

Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang

As if her song could have no ending;

I saw her singing at her work,

And o'er the sickle bending;—

I listened, motionless and still;

And, as I mounted up the hill,

The music in my heart I bore,

Long after it was heard no more.

• end •

配图油画均为19世纪英国风景画家约翰·康斯坦布尔作品


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