▲ 4月8日，在尼日利亞阿布賈國際機場，中國鐵建集團赴尼日利亞防疫工作組成員與迎接人員合影。（新華社）
過去十年裡我一直在中國生活、學習，現在在中國工作，與各階層中國人有著密切的交往。我想分享一些我個人的觀點，希望中非之間的共同目標能不斷得到維護，希望我們將冠狀病毒的全球大流行視為人類共同的威脅。
As someone who has studied, stayed, and now working in China for the past 10 years and has had close interactions with Chinese at different levels, I want to highlight the need for preserving the shared goals that have existed between Africa and China, and treating the coronavirus pandemic as a common threat to mankind.
不過，令我遺憾的是，近來一些社交媒體和主流媒體的大量報道稱，在中國廣東省省會城市廣州，存在對生活在當地的非洲人的歧視。有社交媒體稱，尼日利亞和其他非洲國家的公民在半夜被趕出酒店，一些學生被要求接受新冠病毒和其他醫學檢查，並被要求進行強制隔離。社交媒體還說，中國房東將非洲人趕出公寓，稱這是“阻止新冠病毒傳播”的舉措之一。由於有非洲人在廣州進行抗議，因此非洲國家的駐華使節於4月10日集體向中國政府遞交了正式的投訴聲明。
However, to my regret, there have been numerous reports from diverse social and mainstream media outlets about discrimination against Africans living in Guangzhou, capital city of south China’s Guangdong Province. The social media reports claim that Nigerians and other African nationals were ejected from their hotels in the middle of the night while some students are being told to take COVID-19 and other medical tests, and go into mandatory quarantine. The social media reports added that Chinese landlords were ejecting some Africans from their apartments as part of the efforts to “curb the spread of coronavirus.” The outcries from African nationals in Guangzhou prompted African ambassadors in Beijing to release a joint complaint statement addressed to the Chinese authorities on April 10.
雖然以上報道中提及的行為類似於歧視，但我們依然堅信，這些既不反映中國人對非洲人的總體態度，也不是中國政府在抗擊人類共同的敵人——新冠病毒——的過程中對待非洲人的官方政策。事實上，中非人民已經在抗擊新冠病毒的鬥爭中互相提供了幫助。
While the reported actions display a resemblance of discrimination, we strongly believe that they neither mirror the general attitudes of the Chinese people toward African citizens nor are an official policy of the Chinese Government toward African people in the fight against a common enemy - the coronavirus. In reality, African and Chinese people have offered each other great support in combating the epidemic.
雖然很多非洲人對於報道中所說的針對非洲居民的行為感到不滿，但我們必須理解，廣州是一個商業城市，也是中國領先的製造業中心之一。和全球其他商業城市一樣，廣州比中國的任何一個城市都要吸引更多合法和非法移民。因此，在抗擊新冠疫情的過程中，廣州的一些非法移民可能被迫與執法部門接觸。出於對可能被驅逐出境的恐懼，一些移民便希望通過媒體來製造不必要的恐慌，以此自保。
While Africans can frown upon such incidents, it is also necessary to understand that Guangzhou is a commercial city and one of the leading manufacturing centers in the nation. Like any other commercial city worldwide, Guangzhou, is therefore more likely to draw legal and illegal immigrants than many other cities in China. As a result, Guangzhou has numerous illegal immigrants who may have been forced to come in contact with law enforcement authorities by the COVID-19 outbreak. Faced with fears of likely deportation, some migrants may simply have resorted to fighting back via the use of media outlets to create unnecessary alarm.
此外，據瞭解，中國仍處於新冠病毒大流行的恢復期，政府已經採取了多種防控措施遏制病毒的傳播，防止產生新的病例。這些措施同樣也對中國人的生活產生了影響。
Furthermore, as we know, China is still recuperating from the epidemic, and has put in place diverse prevention and control measures to curb the spread as well as avoid new cases, which has had an effect on the life of the Chinese people as well.
舉個例子，在武漢封城期間，中國政府為每個進入這座城市的人，包括中國人和外國人，建立了“健康碼”制度。當兩個多月的封城結束後，人們需要復工時，“健康碼”同樣發揮作用。通過健康碼，相關機構就可以方便的對可能的密切接觸者進行追蹤和溯源。根據健康狀況和旅行史，用戶擁有不同顏色的“健康碼，”相關機構可以掃描這些二維碼。一般來說，持有綠色“健康碼”的人可以自由出入。如持有黃碼，則要進行14天自我隔離，而持有紅碼則表明可能是確診或者疑似病例。
For instance, during the lockdown of Wuhan, the Chinese Government established a “health QR code” system for everyone – both Chinese nationals and foreigners who entered the city – as people started coming back to work after over two months of lockdown. The health QR code system is aimed at easily tracking and tracing likely contact with COVID-19 patients. The service provides users color-coded designations based on their health status and travel history, and it can be scanned by authorities. Generally, the health QR code permits anybody with the green code to move freely. The yellow code requires a 14-day self-isolation, while the red code indicates a confirmed or suspected case.
比如，武漢解除封城之後，允許持綠碼人員在湖北省內外通行，但其他人員不允許流動，以防範病毒向外省市傳播的可能。目前，這一健康監測系統已經應用於大部分省市，包括廣州。另外，為了嚴防疫情再次暴發，武漢的一些賓館、飯店、商店等商業網點要求顧客進門前出示健康碼，而且只有持綠碼人員才能乘坐公共交通工具。
For example, when the lockdown restrictions in Wuhan were lifted, persons with the green codes were permitted to move within and out of the province while others could not, to prevent possible exportation of the virus from Wuhan to other provinces or cities. Presently, this health surveillance system has been applied in most cities and provinces including Guangzhou. Also, to curb the risk of a resurgence of the virus, some hotels, restaurants, shops and other outlets in Wuhan have been asking customers to display their codes before entering, and only those with green health codes are permitted to take public transport at present.
總體來說，雖然這些防控措施在湖北起到了減少新冠肺炎發生的作用，但是值得注意的是這些措施在其他省份和城市未必同樣有效。最近，新華社報道說截至4月6日，廣州共確診111例境外輸入病例，其中19例是非洲人，在這些非洲人中9例來自尼日利亞。有5名尼日利亞籍確診病例曾在短時間內多次到越秀區礦泉街的一個飯店用餐。據說境外輸入病例的增多促使廣州市衛生部門對出入廣州的人採取嚴格的防控措施。
Overall, while these prevention and control measures have proven to be effective in controlling the spread of the virus in Hubei Province, it may not be the case with other provinces or cities. Recently, Xinhua News Agency reported that Guangzhou authorities had confirmed 111 new coronavirus cases by April 6, 19 of whom were Africans, with nine Nigerians among them. It was reported that five of the Nigerians had visited a restaurant in Kuangquan Street in Yuexiu District. This allegedly prompted Guangzhou health authorities to impose stringent control and preventive measures for anybody entering or leaving Guangzhou city.
在全球確診病例將近200萬例，死亡病例超過10萬例的時候，每一個負責任的國家都應採取最合適的防控措施保障本國公民的安全。廣州市政府採取的防控措施表明中國高度重視本國公民和外國在華公民的安全和健康，依法保障他們的合法權益。大多數外國人，包括非洲人，甚至自願參與中國抗擊新冠病毒的行動，留下了中外人士在艱難時期共同抗疫的感人故事。在現在這種嚴峻的時刻，中國政府充分考慮到了在中國境內的外國人的安全。所以廣州政府採取的措施不應被誤解為有些人認為的歧視和種族主義。
With nearly 2 million coronavirus cases and more than 100,000 deaths recorded globally, every responsible nation needs to take the most suitable prevention and control measures to ensure the safety of its citizens. The prevention and control measures taken by the Guangzhou authorities show that China attaches great significance to ensuring the safety and health of its citizens as well as foreigners residing in China, and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests in accordance with the Chinese law. Many foreigners, Africans included, have even volunteered and joined the Chinese people in the fight against the coronavirus, leaving behind some touching stories of Chinese and foreign nationals working together during these hard times. Therefore, under these severe circumstances, the Chinese Government has given full consideration to all foreigners residing within its borders. As such, the actions taken by the Guangzhou authorities should not be interpreted as outright discrimination or racism as has been done by some people.
其實，雖然中國的新冠肺炎疫情並未結束，中國卻在積極支持非洲抗擊疫情。中國最近派遣了一支15個人的醫療隊到尼日利亞，並且為該國送去了價值150萬美元的醫療設備和醫療物資。中國還為非洲聯盟和所有跟中國有外交關係的非洲國家送去了多批醫療物資。
Even though China is still recovering from the pandemic, the nation is still backing the continent of Africa in its current fight against the coronavirus. For instance, China recently sent a 15-member medical team, equipment and medical supplies worth about $1.5 million to Nigeria. China has also provided batches of medical supplies to the African Union and all African nations with diplomatic relations to China.
在過去60年裡，中國和非洲人民守望相助，患難與共。這種長期發展起來的重要而持久的友誼不能因為新冠肺炎疫情而受到損害。駐北京的非洲大使們在他們的投訴聲明裡承認中非之間的長期友好關係並且認同中非之間自1971年以來建立的深厚友誼。那一年，非洲支持中國成為聯合國安理會常任理事國。而中國也曾支持非洲爭取自由的鬥爭。中非雙方長期以來建立的友好關係為中非合作奠定了不可動搖的基礎，也為中非命運共同體提供了不竭的動力。
Over the past six decades, Chinese and African people have stood together through thick and thin and COVID-19 should not be permitted to stand in the way of such an important long-standing friendship built and nurtured over several decades. African ambassadors in Beijing acknowledged this long-standing relationship in their statement and applauded the excellent friendship between African nations and China dating back to 1971 when Africa supported China in securing its rightful place as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, as well as China’s support dating back to Africa’s liberation struggle period. This long-standing friendship has laid an unbreakable foundation of China-Africa cooperation, and is the source of the robust vitality of a China-Africa community with a shared future.
▲ 2月21日，尼日利亞在華留學生龍塔約（右）在江西財經大學校園內和一位中國老師打招呼 （新華社）
幾十年來，中國一直承諾支持非洲發展，提供了大量資金等援助。約翰霍普金斯大學中非研究計劃數據表明，從2000年到2017年，非洲政府和國有企業已從中國獲得了約1430億美元的貸款。作為公共外交的一部分，中國還為非洲記者提供培訓，促進人文交流。此外中國還一直支持非洲的物質發展和人力資本開發。如今，有成千上萬的非洲學生在中國政府獎學金支持下在華生活和學習。面對可怕的新冠肺炎疫情，很多留學生仍然選擇留在中國。另一方面，也有大量中國人在非洲國家工作，以商業投資和開發項目居多。
China has continued to pledge enormous sums of financing and aid to support Africa’s development over recent decades. Chinese lenders have provided some $143 billion in loans to African governments and their state-owned enterprises from 2000 to 2017, according to the China-Africa Research Initiative at John Hopkins University. China has also offered training programs for African journalists as part of what Chinese state media have called public-diplomacy efforts as well as people-to-people exchanges. Also, China has supported Africa’s physical and human capital development, and nowadays there are thousands of African students still living and studying in China on Chinese government scholarships, even in the face of the dreadful COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, there are numerous Chinese people working in African nations, especially on business investment and development projects.
困難會告訴我們，和平、友愛與和諧可以賦予我們多麼強大的力量。中國反對一切形式的歧視和偏見，同時也要求包括非洲人在內的所有外國人嚴格遵守《中華人民共和國傳染病防治法》等法律法規以及地方性疫情防控規定。因此，身處廣州的非洲人應遵紀守法，執行當地新冠肺炎疫情狀態下采取的措施，防止疫情升級，保障自己和他人的健康和安全。中非的共同目標不是一個分裂的國際社會，而是一個團結的國際社會。我們應該並肩抗疫、共度時艱，集中精力做最重要的事--拯救生命。
Therefore, these difficult times should reveal glaringly to us how powerful we can be if we live together with peace and love. China opposes all forms of discrimination and prejudice, but requires all foreign nationals including Africans in China to strictly abide by the law on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, as well as other laws and local regulations on epidemic control and prevention. As such, Africans should abide by the laws and fully comply with measures deemed necessary by Guangzhou authorities to control and prevent a further escalation of the epidemic, as doing so safeguard their own and other’s health. Therefore, this difficult time should be a time when we try and uphold the China-Africa solidarity with shared goals, not as a divided global community but as a united global community, and collectively fight against this common enemy by focusing on what matters most - saving lives.
作者邁克•伊西祖勒恩為浙江師範大學非洲研究院尼日利亞中心執行主任
The author is executive director of the Center for Nigerian Studies, Institute of African Studies, Zhejiang Normal University.
來源 / 北京週報
圖片 / 網絡
美編 / 高銘
