“
媒體透視
“母親文化”是上海市女子監獄在長期的探索實踐中，不斷挖掘“女警”與“女犯”的共通點，逐步形成的富有女性特色的文化。近日，中國日報記者深入上海市女子監獄進行採訪，以《監獄用母愛教育改造罪犯》為題，講述監獄通過開展母親文化教育活動，用母愛的呼喚、親情的感化幫助女犯化繭成蝶的故事……
中國日報 周文婷
Female prisoners are being rehabilitated via classes that emphasize mother-daughter relationships. Zhou Wenting reports from Shanghai.
通過修復母女親情關係，女性服刑人員受到教育感化——來自上海周文婷的報道。
Mary, who has been a prisoner at Shanghai Women’s Prison for 10 years, is looking forward to the big event of her year — a visit from her mother, who will travd from the Philippines within the next few weeks to spend 40 precious minutes with her.
今年以來，瑪麗，這個在上海市女子監獄服刑了10個年頭的女犯，一直企盼著與母親的會面，她的母親在未來的幾周內將會從她的祖國菲律賓前來看望她，與她度過珍貴的40分鐘。
The 36-year-old, who preferred not to disclose her real name, was given a suspended death sentence in 2008 after being stopped with a consignment of heroin by the customs in Guangzhou, Guangdong province.
Her defense was that she had been offered a lucrative assignment, but insisted that she didn't know what was in the bag she was asked to carry.
She said her feelings are different from when her mother came to visit her at the prison just after she was jailed.
現年36歲的她因走私毒品在廣州海關被捕並被判處死緩。她說，這次她在等待母親到來時的感受與她入獄後在監獄裡與母親的第一次會見非常不同。
“I misunderstood my mother’s love for me, and I blamed my failings on her absence during my childhood and adolescence when she was working away from home," said Mary, who is due to be released in 2031 after several reductions of her sentence.
瑪麗說：“我過去常常誤解我母親對我的愛，並把我的過錯歸咎於我母親的缺席。我的母親在我的童年和青少年時期都離家外出工作。”經過幾次減刑，她將會在2031年刑滿釋放。
Change of attitude
態度轉變
Her change of attitude is largely due to classes about maternal love offered by the prison ,she said. The classes focus on helping the prisoners express gratitude to their mothers, and become responsible mothers themselves.
瑪麗說，監獄的母親文化教育使她改變了許多，這種教育的重點是教會她們向母親表達感激之情並使自己努力成為負責任的母親。
“I was deeply touched when the mothers of 30 inmates were invited to the prison to hug their daughters last year. I couldn't help missing my mom then, and I became determined to mend our relationship." recalled Mary, who began calling her mother regularly and then proposed a visit。
“去年，30名服刑人員的母親被邀請去監獄看望並擁抱他們的女兒，這讓我深受感動，當時，我忍不住想念我的母親，並決心要改善我們的關係。”瑪麗回憶說。後來，她開始定期給母親打電話，希望母親能來看望她。
According to Chen Jianhua, governor of shanghai women’s prison, almost every women’s prison in the country uses the concept of maternal love as a way to educate and reform inmates, but in the past five years it has been employed in many different forms at her prison, which houses women from 18 countries in addition to Chinese nationals.
上海市女子監獄監獄長說，在國內很多女子監獄都將母愛感化作為一種教育女犯的手段，上海市女子監獄近五年來，更是開展了各種不同形式的母親文化教育活動。該監獄關押了包括中國在內來自18個國家和地區的服刑人員。
“Although they speak different languages and have diverse cultural and educational backgrounds, maternal love is a shared thing,” she said，“Even if someone is not a mother, she has a mother. Even if she has never felt a mother's affection, she must be thirsty for it. We hope motherhood wiil work as a force to encourage the prisoners to always be upstanding and responsible, and for some, to break the cycle of family tragedy .”
“雖然他們說著不同的語言，有著不同的文化和教育背景，但母愛是他們共通的情感，即使有人不是母親，她也有母親。即使她可能從沒有感受過母愛，但她們仍然渴望得到母愛。我們希望母愛作為一種力量，鼓勵她們始終保持向善和盡責，對一些人來說，母親責任的迴歸可以挽救一個家庭，結束這一代家庭的悲劇。”她說。
The prison, which was opened in 1996, provides inmates with pamphlets in Chinese and English that contain poems depicting maternal love. The prisoners read the books in class and are asked to recite some of the poems. They also read novels and watch movies with the theme of mother-daughter bonding.
上海市女子監獄建於1996年，近年監獄向服刑人員提供了中英文版本歌誦母愛的歌謠集《母親謠》，讓他們誦讀，還組織他們閱讀有關母愛和家庭關係主題的書籍和電影。
Annual highlight
年度亮點
An annual highlight is when the mothers of 30 selected inmates visit the prison on or around March 8 to celebrate International Women’s Day with their daughters. The visits have been a feature of the prisoners' lives since 2014, after three mothers were invited in 2013 as a pilot.
邀請服刑人員的母親在3月8日或前後來到監獄，與她們的女兒一起慶祝三八國際婦女節，已成為每年母親文化活動的亮點。自2013年首次嘗試邀請３名服刑人員母親來監獄與女兒“親密接觸”後，2014年以來，每年都有服刑人員的母親被邀請來到監獄。
“A simple hug can solve many problems for mothers and daughters who have had poor relationships and found it hard to apologize on the phone," said Huang Yin, director of educational affairs at the prison.
監獄教育科科長說:“對很多曾因感情問題而飽受折磨的母女來說，一個擁抱可以解決很多問題。”
“Some inmates said, ‘My mother didn’t come but I felt like my mother was also here. I wanted to hug my mother, too'” Huang said.
“有些犯人說，‘我母親沒有來，但我覺得我母親也在這裡。我也想擁抱我的媽媽。’”黃科長說道。
The Mother of an inmate surnamed Liu was one of the three invited to the prison in 2013.
Before they were reunited that day, Liu believed that her mother was keeping a distance between them, especially as she asked Liu to send letters to her grandparents’ house rather than the family home.
劉某的母親是2013年被邀請到監獄參加“母愛進大牆”活動的三位母親之一。劉說，在母親參加活動來監獄與她見面之前，她一直認為她和母親之間存在巨大的隔閡。因為她的母親讓她把信寄給她的祖父母，而不是直接寄給她。
The 33-year-old, who was convicted of fraud, believed her family was ashamed of her, and was not aware that her mother had been invited to visit the prison on the special day.
33歲的劉因詐騙入獄，她覺得自己是這個家庭的恥辱，她說她不知道在這個特殊的日子裡，母親被邀請到監獄來看望她。
“As I stood on the stage reading an essay I had written about the poor relationship between us, my mother walked onto the stage and hugged me. That broke the ice in our relationship." she said.
Liu said they didn’t talk much that day, but she began to share details of her life in prison with her mother in letters.
“當我在舞臺上讀到關於我和母親的緊張關係的文章時，母親走上臺擁抱了我。擁抱推翻了我們之間的心牆。”她說。
劉說那天他們沒怎麼說話，但她開始願意通過書信和母親分享她在監獄裡的生活。
“Some fellow inmates, who will be in prison for another one or two decades, repeatedly urged me to be nice to my parents when I leave jail." said Liu, who is scheduled to be released in about two years,"It feels like they think they will partly be able to realize their dreams of spending good times with their own parents through me."
“有些人在我出獄後還一再敦促我對父母好一點，因為他們還得在監獄裡服刑十到二十年。這就好像他們可以通過我和我的父母度過一些美好的時光部分實現他們的夢想。”將在兩年後刑滿釋放的劉說。
During the celebrations around International Women's Day, inmates who have won plaudits for good behavior have their dearest wish granted, such as wearing their own clothes to have a photo taken with their mother, or having dinner together with no one else around.
“For some inmates serving long sentences, a photo with their mother is especially meaningful. Some mothers are too old to wait for the day their daughters will be released from prison," Huang said.
The activities have inspired some prisoners to write letters of apology to their parents and their children.
"To many inmates, their child is their hope, something to hold onto and live for. Without that, some would abandon them- selves to despair." Huang said.
在母親節這天，表現較好的服刑人員也可以實現一些其他的願望——和母親單獨吃飯。
這些活動激發了許多服刑女犯給父母或孩子寫道歉信，向家人懺悔，請求他們的原諒。
“對許多服刑女犯來說，孩子是他們生活的希望。否則，有些人會陷入絕望。”黃說。
Artistic approach
藝術矯治
In addition to mothers' visits, prisoners are encouraged to ad in plays and musicals, and devise dances based on the theme of maternal love.
The warders fed the performances will inspire the inmates to improve their relationships with their families and live positive lives.
除了邀請母親來到監獄開展活動之外，監獄還開展以母愛為主題的音樂藝術矯治活動。
監獄民警認為音樂和舞蹈等形式可以更好地鼓勵服刑人員積極參與活動，也有利於激勵女性服刑人員主動修復家庭關係，並幫助其在出獄後過上積極的生活。
“Foreigners are usually more outgoing and are generally good at singing and dancing, so the foreign inmates really enjoy taking part." said Li Na,a warder who works in the section where many foreign prisoners are held.
In October, an original musical called The Sound of Love premiered at the prison in front of an audience of inmates and officials from the Shanghai Prison Administration and the Shanghai Women’s Federation.
The show was performed by inmates and warders, with the involvement of professional directors and composers.
外國人通常比較外向，一般都擅長唱歌和跳舞。所以外國籍服刑人員非常喜歡參加這種形式的母親文化活動。
2016年10月，由民警和服刑人員共同表演的音樂劇《愛之聲》在監獄首次上演。監獄邀請了專業的導演和作曲家為該劇進行構思創作。
Huang said the storyline is based on the inmates' own experiences: It focuses on a young woman who refuses to listen to her mother’s advice. She commits credit card fraud to pay off an overdraft and then misappropriates funds from her employer to repay the money. Eventually, she injures several people in a fight when she attempts to grab the evidence and conceal her crime. While serving a prison sentence, the protagonist decides to try to reconcile with her mother after realizing how much her mother loves her, and becomes determined to live a good life.
Huang said every inmate, irrespective of whether they were a performer or a member of the audience, could find a reflection of herself in the musical performance.
黃說，整部劇的故事情節都是根據服刑女犯的真實經歷改編：一名年輕女子不聽母親的勸告，多次透支信用卡不及時歸還，最終觸犯法律，構成信用卡詐騙罪。她還挪用了她工作的公司的資金來償還信用卡，並在試圖銷燬違法證據時與他人打架對他人造成了傷害。在意識到她的母親是多麼愛她之後，她最終決定在服刑期間與她的母親和解，並決定金盆洗手，開始全新的生活。
“在這裡的每一個服刑女犯，無論是演員還是觀眾，都能在音樂劇中找到自己。”她還說道。
Fresh emotions
情感昇華
Mary, whose father abandoned the family when she was young, said the musical helped her to understand the depth of her mother’s love.
She said she used to hate her mother because she often worked away from home, and as the oldest of six children, Mary should share the burden of providing for her siblings.
“In the musical, I witnessed the mother's boundless love for her daughter. I gradually came to believe that my mother loves me in the same way, but maybe she never has expressed it in an open way to me.'' she said,“Now, I hope to have a dose relationship with my mother, and to be a good mother if I have a child someday.”
瑪麗說，這部音樂劇戲幫助她進一步理解了母愛的偉大。
她說她以前很討厭她的母親，她母親長期在外面工作。作為家裡最大的孩子，她承擔了撫養六個兄弟姐妹的大部分負擔。她的父親在她年輕的時候離開了他們。
“在音樂劇中，我感受到了母親對女兒無私的愛。我漸漸開始相信我的母親也同樣愛我，也許她只是不懂如何對我表達她的愛。”她說：“我希望能和媽媽重新建立親密的關係，如果有一天我有了孩子，我會做個好媽媽。”
I need to apologize to my son
我要對我兒子說句對不起
Song (not her real name) is serving a suspended death sentence for trafficing drugs.
The parenting classes I have attended in the past five years gave me food for thought about my role as a mother, and my relationship with my own mother.
I was 28 when I started my jail term, and my son was 4 years old. I didn’t think about too much about the duties of a mother before. I indulged myself in a life of peasure and comfort. I spent most of my time playing with my son. I didn’t think to plan for the future.
In the classes, we read books about intergenerational relations, and parenting experts were invited to give lectures on how to care for children of different ages. I gradually became aware that I was not responsible enough as a mother, and I’m thinking about how to make things up to my son.
He is studying at a university overseas and is headed for a prosperous future. My sentence has been reduced seven times, so I am supposed to leave prison in about 18 months.
I will tell my son how I made it through the hardest period of my life, and let him see how I have changed my personality. He will see that l am positive, cheerful and responsible. I will not be a shameful figure to my child for his whole life.
服刑人員宋某（化名）因販賣和運輸毒品被判處死刑，緩期執行。
“在過去的五年裡，通過參加母親文化活動，我開始反思自己作為母親的角色和我與我母親的關係。
我在這裡開始服刑時只有28歲，我的兒子才4歲。之前，我並沒有過多考慮自己作為母親的責任。我沉溺於享樂和舒適的生活。我大部分時間都只顧和兒子一起玩，很少考慮將來的計劃。
通過參加母親文化活動，我們閱讀了關於代際關係的書籍，參加監獄舉辦的家庭教育專題講座。我逐漸意識到自己並未盡到一個母親的責任，我缺乏足夠的責任感，我正在考慮如何補償我的孩子。
我兒子目前在國外的一所大學學習，他的前途一片光明。經過七次減刑後，我應該在一年半後離開監獄。
我會告訴他我是如何度過人生最艱難的時期的，讓他看到我是如何重塑新生的。我將以一種正直、端莊的姿態出現在他面前，讓他見證我是一個積極、開朗、負責任的母親，我不會一輩子讓我的孩子感到羞恥。”
English course helps prepare convicts for outside worid
英語職業技能教育為女犯鋪就回歸之路
In December, Shanghai Women's Prison completed its first semester of oral English classes. The course, which is intended to better prepare the inmates for life after prison, is expected to continue this year.
Initially, 20 inmates with no prior knowledge of English took part in the six-month course, and 16 completed the semester.
After the course, one inmate wrote a letter in English to the teacher and prison staff.
"Thank you for giving me the chance to learn to speak English. I am so happy because now I can see something good in my future life. I will study harder. I will never give up." she wrote.
Huang Yin. director of educational affairs at the prison, said, "It's hard to say how much these skills will help the inmates secure jobs after release, but the course has really helped to boost their self-confidence and prepare them for reintegration into society.
The course was designed by a team led by Li Tianqi, an English teacher at Shanghai Normal University.
"It was based on games activities, such as role-playing games where the inmates could simulate different situations in everyday life, so they could practice speaking English in an effective way." U said, adding that the prisoners' emotional needs were taken into consideration and they were given many opportunities for personal interaction and to collaborate as a team.
Some inmates said they initially found it hard to recognize the 26 letters of the English alphabet, but after the lessons, most could express their ideas in simple English.
"I can now talk a little with the foreign inmates in English, which makes me so happy." said a Chinese prisoner who is being held in a block alongside foreigners.
上海市女子監獄第一期服刑人員英語口語培訓班於去年12月圓滿結束，課程設置的目的是為了幫助女犯更好地適應出監後的職業生活。
有20名沒有英語基礎的服刑人員參加了為期六個月的學習班，其中16名服刑人員順利結業。
課程結束後，一名服刑人員給英語老師和監獄民警寫了一封感謝信：
感謝你們給了我學習英語的機會。我很高興，因為現在的我能看到未來生活的希望。我將更加努力地學習，決不會對生活喪失信念。
監獄教育科科長黃說:“很難說這些技能在他們釋放回歸社會後能給他們帶來多少就業機會，但這確實幫助他們增強了自信心，並讓他們做好了重新融入社會的準備。”
該課程是由上海師範大學英語教師李天啟帶領的團隊設計的。“課程是以遊戲活動的形式開展的，如角色扮演遊戲，服刑人員可以模擬日常生活中不同的情況學習英語,那恰恰是如何練習英語口語一個有效的方式。”李說,“在教學過程中會考慮他們的情感需求設計更多的人際交往和團隊協作練習環節。”
一些服刑人員說，他們過去連英文字母表中的26個字母很難辨認出，但在課程結束後，大多數人都能用簡單的英語表達自己的想法。
“我現在可以用簡單的英語和外國籍服刑人員說上幾句了，這讓我很開心。”一名中國女犯說。
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