Unit 7 International charities
Welcome to the unit
1. You have some pocket money left. 你還剩餘一些零花錢。
◆ 注意：left是leave的過去分詞，在此句中做後置定語，修飾pocket money，意為：剩下的、沒有用完的。
left相當於一個形容詞，放在被修飾的名詞或anything/nothing/nobody等不定代詞之後。
eg：I have only one food ticket left. There is nothing left in the fridge.
◆ leave for 動身前往 leave 忘帶，落下，離開
2. have a big lunch 吃頓豐盛的午餐
3. I’m too weak to walk any further. 我太虛弱，走不動了。
◆ I’m so weak that I can’t walk any further. = I’m not strong enough to walk any further.
◆ farther, further 這兩個詞都是far的比較級形式。
①farther和further都可指具體的距離，即空間時間上的“較遠”。 Let's not go any farther/further.
②further還可用於抽象的引申義，如時間，程度和數量等，表示“進一步，更進一層”，此時，不能與farther換用。
I may be able to give you some further information about it.
The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting.
4. help build a better world for everyone幫著為每個人建立一個更好的世界 a better world一個更美好的世界
5. provide basic education for children in poor areas為貧窮地區的孩子們提供基礎教育
basic education基礎教育 receive basic education接受基礎教育
6. work for the equal rights of girls and women 為女孩和婦女的平等權利而工作
work for 為…而工作 equal rights平等的權利
8. prevent the spread of some serious diseases among young people預防年輕人中一些嚴重疾病的擴散
◆prevent ...(from) doing sth.； stop ...(from) doing sth.；keep ...from doing sth.; 均表示“阻止……做某事”。
上述三個結構中，在主動語態中stop 與prevent後可省去from，但在被動語態中不可省略;
而keep ...from ...中的from在任何情況下都不能省略。
The heavy rain prevented us going on, but we didn’t lose heart.
在被動語態中，from都不可省。 We were prevented by the rain from going there.
◆ protect…from/against…表示“保護……免受……”例如：Protect children from violence
9. do a good job 幹得不錯；完成得很好
Reading
1. an interview with an ORBIS doctor 一次對奧比斯醫生的採訪
2. tell us something about blindness告訴我們關於失明的一些事
say，speak，tell，talk的區別和用法
▲ say一般作及物動詞用，著重說話的內容，它的賓語可以是名詞，代詞或賓語從句。
eg: He can say his name. 他會說他的名字。 Please say it in English. 請用英語用。
▲ speak強調說的動作，不強調所說的內容 。作及物動詞時，常以某種語言作賓語。
作不及物動詞時，常見的搭配形式有： speak of something/somebody談到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某人講話，此外speak還可用於在較為正式的場合了表演講或演說。
Can you speak Japanese? 你會說日語嗎？ She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老師說話。
He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在會上講了話。
▲ talk 一般為不及物動詞，意思是“交談，談話，著重強調兩具之間的相互說話。
eg: She is talking with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英語交談。 What are you talking about? 你們在談論什麼？
The teacher is talking to him. 老師正在和他談話。
▲ tell常作及物動詞，意為“講述，告訴，動詞常跟雙賓語。
tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告訴某人某事。 Did you tell her the news?＝Did you tell the news to her?
tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 讓某人不做某事
3. have eye problems 有眼疾
4. 80 per cent of these cases 80%的病例
“分數(百分數)+of+名詞”結構作主語時，謂語動詞的數與其中名詞的數保持一致。如：
About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day. 那天大約有30%的學生未到。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea. 地球表面的四分之三是海。
5. have money for medical treatment medical treatment醫療 medical是medicine形容詞形式，醫學的
6. Flying Eye Hospital 眼科飛機醫院
7. do operations on sb. =operate on sb. 給某人做手術
operate 動詞， operation名詞8. be used as a training centre 被用作培訓中心
9. Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital. go to hospital去看病
afford sth.買得起某物 afford to do sth.負擔得起做某事 can’t afford 負擔不起
10. on board 在飛機(船、火車)上 11. learn about eye operations 學習眼科手術
12. teach them new skills 教他們新的技能
13. during a visit 在一次拜訪中 during the last visit在上次的拜訪中
14. be proud to do sth 以…做某事而自豪 be proud of 以…為榮
pride是proud的名詞形式，be proud of =take pride in
15. help people see again幫助人們重見光明
16. treat people with eye problems治療有眼疾的人 cure most eye diseases 治癒大多數眼病
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病 Dr. Ma cured the old man of his blindness.
17. carry on working/carry on with our work 繼續開展我們的工作 carry on (with sth) 繼續開展，繼續下去
18. Modern medicine is developing quickly. 現代醫學正迅速發展
Develop動詞，發展；加強 develop quickly發展很快
development名詞， 發展 with the development of 隨著----的發展
developed發達的developing發展中的a developed country一個發達國家a developing country一個發展中的國家
19. Thank you for your time. 感謝你的時間。
20. cut a person’s body open 給某人開刀 cut----open把---切開
21. the condition of being unable to see不能看見東西的狀態
22. many more people 更多的人 23. get treatment得到治療
Grammar, integrated skills and study skills
1. hand out leaflets to people向人們分發傳單 hand out 分發；提出 hand in上交
2. hold a charity show 舉行一次慈善義演
3. be set up in Europe在歐洲建立 set up 建起，設立
4. part of the United Nations 聯合國的一部分
5. make the world a better place for children 使得世界成為一個更適合孩子們的地方
6. want the children to be healthy想讓孩子們健康
7. raise money by selling Christmas cards 通過賣聖誕卡片募集錢
8. organize some activities組織一些活動 9. prevent them from getting illness 防止他們得病
10. look pale看上去蒼白
11. What’s the matter (with sb)？(某人)怎麼了？ What’s wrong with you?
I don’t feel well. 我覺得不舒服
12. get toothache 牙疼 13. How long have you felt like this? 你感覺這樣/這麼不舒服多久了？
14. have a check 檢查一下 15. nothing serious 沒有什麼嚴重的
16. Take this medicine after meals three times a day. 飯後服藥，一天三次。
17.not---at all一點也不 not---any more= no more不再
18. Will it be a success? Will it be successful? 它將會成功嗎？
19. keep asking myself不斷問我自己 20. No time to be nervous any more.沒有時間再緊張了。
21. make a lot of noise發出很多吵鬧聲 22.have to speak loudly不得不大聲說話
Task
1. a secretary of a company 一家公司的秘書 2. be afraid of flying 害怕飛行
3. train as a nurse 培訓為一名護士 4. live in a comfortable flat 住在一個舒適的公寓裡
5. take the plane 乘飛機 6. help poor people with eye problems see again 幫助患有眼疾的窮人重見光明
7. make up one’s mind to do sth 下定決心做某事 make up her mind to train as a nurse下定決心培訓當護士
decide to do sth.
8. attend courses 參加課程 9. travel over 300 days a year 一年中超過300天都在旅遊
10. get used to travelling by plane 習慣於乘飛機旅行
11. have as much money as before 和以前有一樣多的錢
12. She thinks her life is more meaningful. 她認為她的人生更有意義。
13. used to work on the farm all day 過去常常整日在農場上工作
14. an officer 一個官員
15. learn about the conditions of the local people 瞭解當地人們的情況
16. enter a school 考入學校
三. 詞形變化
1. especial-especially 2. educate-education
3. spread-spread-spread 4. interview-interviewer read-reader office-officer
5. blind-blindness 6. medicine-medical
7. treat-treatment 8. develop-developed-developing-development
9. hold-held-held set-set-set-setting 10. secretary-secretaries
11. operate-operation 12. most-mostly
一、 被動語態的用法：
1. 一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我們教室每天都被打掃。
I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力學習。
Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用來切東西的。
2. 一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龍蛋被放置了很久很久。
3. 一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city. 我們城市將要修建一家新醫院。
Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年會種更多的樹。
4. 現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行車。
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them. 他們在那裡種植的樹木。
5. 現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages. 這本書被翻譯成多種文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在許多國家有許多人造衛星被送上了太空。
6.過去進行時的被動語態構成：was/were + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.當他的父母趕到醫院的時候這個男孩正在做手術。
The new road was being made.這條新路正在修築。
7.過去完成時的被動語態構成：had + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老師來之前，教室尚未打掃。
The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在門票被銷售一空前我趕到了電影院。
8.將來完成時的被動語態構成：shall/will + have done
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 屆時，他們結婚將滿20週年。
The project will have been completed before May.該項目將在五月前完成。
9.含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often. 小樹需要經常澆水。
Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你應該現在就改正你的錯誤。
The door may be locked inside. 這扇門可以反鎖。
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作業可以明天交。
二、 怎樣把主動語態改成被動語態?
把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：
1. 先找出謂語動詞； 2. 再找出謂語動詞後的賓語；
3. 把賓語用作被動語態中的主語； 4. 注意人稱、時態和數的變化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布魯斯每星期寫一封信。
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理壞的自行車。
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已寫了兩部小說。
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 他們明天將要種植十棵樹。
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在寫信。
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave. 當你離開的時候你必須把門鎖上。
三、 使用被動語態應注意的幾個問題：
1. 不及物動詞無被動語態。
What will happen in 100 years？一百年裡會發生什麼事？
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 約65萬年前恐龍滅絕。
2. 有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。
This pen writes well. 這支鋼筆很好寫。
This new book sells well. 這本新書賣的很好。
3. 感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶to ，但變為被動語態時，須加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一個女孩看到我的錢夾掉了當她經過的時候。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 這個老闆讓這小男孩乾重活。
4. 如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那麼動詞後要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 他給了我一本書。
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 他給我展示了一張票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買了一輛新自行車。
5. 一些動詞短語用於被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us. 我們不能嘲笑他。
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收聽廣播。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.這護士在照顧這個虛弱的男人。
Grammar
一、構成 學習一般將來時的被動語態，首先應掌握其各種結構形式。
1．肯定式will（shall）＋be＋動詞的過去分詞
2．否定式will（shall）＋not＋be＋動詞的過去分詞
3．疑問式Will（Shall）＋主語＋be＋動詞的過去分詞？
簡略回答Yes，主語＋will（shall）．No，主語＋won't（shan't）．
現在，請看實例：
A） 肯定句：Anew stadium will be put up here．
否定句：Anewstadium will not（won't）be put up here．
疑問句及簡略回答：Will a new stadium be put up here？Yes，it will．／No，it won't．
特殊疑問句及回答：What will be put up here？A new stadium．
B）A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing．But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited．（但那些使用違禁藥物的將不被邀請。）Will some world-famous singers be invited？Yes，they will．Who else will be invited？Some judges and sports officials，of course．
二、其他結構
表示將來意義的被動結構還有：
1．be going to be done；
2．be to be done；
3．will（shall）＋get ＋done等。
例如： Some old buildings are going to be put down．
The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008．
The workers will get paid before the end of December．
同學們也要注意這些結構的否定式、疑問式等。例如：
These trees are not going to be cut down．Are these trees going to be cut down？Yes，they are．
The machines are not to be repaired tonight．Are they to be repaired tomorrow？Yes，they are．
三、注意事項
使用一般將來時的被動語態時，應注意以下兩點：
1．在時間、條件狀語從句中，應使用現在時表示將來時。同樣，應使用現在時的被動語態表示將來時的被動語態。例如：He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this．
2．使用一般將來時被動語態時，學生易遺漏被動式中的be。例如：
【誤】A new film will shown at the cinema next week．
【正】A new film will be shown at the cinema next week.
【誤】Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year？
【正】Is this bridge going to be completed before the end of this year？
四、基本結構
一: shall/will + be + done
【經典例題1】 I promise that this matter _____ next week.
A. will be taken care B. will take care of
C. will take good care D. will be taken care of
【思路點撥】 選D。從題幹不難看出,一是從句中的 this matter 和 take care of 是被動關係;二是take care of 是固定搭配,不能拆開;三是相對於promise來說,take care of 是將要發生的動作。故從句謂語應用一般將來時的被動語態。
【經典例題2】 These dictionaries _____ the library again (by you ).
A. will be taken out of B. won’t be taken out of
C. will take out of D. won’t take out of
【思路點撥】選B。由題乾結構及句意可知,此題考查的是一般將來時的被動語態的否定式。
另外,我們還應注意:其疑問式為Shall/Will + 主語 + be + done...? 或 特殊疑問詞 + shall/will + 主語 + be + done...?
【經典例題3】 Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.（NMET 2001北京春季）
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
【思路點撥】答案選 B。lose jobs 的意思是“失業”。主語是jobs ，謂語動詞要用被動語態。條件句中的謂語動詞的一般現在時態表示將來。
2. 基本結構二: be(am / is /are)going to + be + done
【經典例題1】 The class ____ on everything they have learnt this year.
A. is going to be examining B. are going to examine
C. is going to be examined D. are going to be examined
【思路點撥】選D。題中the class指全班同學,謂語動詞應用複數形式, 並且主語和謂語動詞之間是被動關係, 所以謂語應用一般將來時的被動語態。
【經典例題2】 An exhibition of painting _____ at the art museum when he comes back from abroad.
A. is going to hold B. is going to be held
C. are going to hold D. are going to be held
【思路點撥】 選B。根據題意, 此處應用一般將來時的被動語態, 而且主謂應保持一致。
3. 基本結構三: be to + be + done
【經典例題1】The flowers_____ soon if you want to keep them alive
A. should water B. are watered C. water D. are to be watered
【思路點撥】選D。題中soon要求用將來時態，又有花被澆水，須被動語態，所以要用將來時的被動語態，只有D符合要求。
【經典例題2】In a room above the store, where a party_____ tomorrow, some workers are busily setting the table
A. is to be held B. has been held C. is being held D. was held
【思路點撥】選A。將來時的被動語態基本結構三: be to + be + done
Unit 8
Welcome to the unit
1. Will more trees be planted this year? 今年會種更多的樹？ plant trees植樹
句中will be planted 意思是“將會被種植”，“will be + 動詞的過去分詞”是一般將來時的被動語態。
The panda will be sent to the zoo tomorrow. 這隻大熊貓明天將被送到動物園。
2. Trees are good for us. 樹對我們有益。
3. I like digging in the garden. 我喜歡在花園裡挖土。 dig- dug -dug
4. Are you serious? 你是認真的嗎？ nothing serious沒有什麼嚴重的事情
be serious about sth.= take sth seriously 嚴肅對待 a serious illness 一個嚴重的病
5. reduce air pollution by riding bicycles.通過騎自行車減少空氣汙染。
reduce air pollution減少空氣汙染 “by doing sth.”意思是“通過做某事”。
6. save water by taking shorter showers通過少洗澡來節約水 take/have a shower 洗淋浴
7. save energy by turning off the lights 關燈節約能源
turn on/off + the light/the computer/TV/the radio 打開…… turn up 開大音量turn down關小音量
8. protect the environment by recycling waste通過循環利用廢料的方式保護環境 recycle waste回收利用廢物
9. What should we do to live a green life?為了過上環保的生活我們該做什麼呢？ live a …life 過著…的生活
10. drive to sp. = go to sp. by car意思是 “開車去某地”。 11.take the underground 乘地鐵
12. It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles. 人們選擇坐公交或騎車是很明智的。
13. remember to turn off the lights 記得關燈 remember to do sth. 記得要做某事 remember doing sth.記得做了某事
Reading
1. a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes 一個擁有高山和清澈湛藍湖水的國家
2. try to keep it that way努力保持它的原貌
3. In Switzerland, things like glass, plastic and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled. 在瑞士，像玻璃、塑料和紙被分成不同的小組，然後回收利用。
(1) separate意指
從….分離、挑揀出來的意思， separate…..from 從一個大的整體裡分出來。The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones． 孩子們正在把好蘋果與壞蘋果分開。
England is separated from France by the Channel． 英吉利海峽把英國和法國分開。
We walked until midnight and then separated． 我們散步到午夜才分手。
(2)divide 意為“分割；分開”，強調把一個整體按等量或一定比例分開。它常與into連用。
He devided the apple into 4 pieces.〔他把那個蘋果分成了4份．（蘋果是一個整體）〕
(3)separate into 是指把一些東西分離，不是一個整體，如：We are separated into 4 groups.〔我們被分為4組．（因為我們每個人都是一個單獨的個體，所以不能算作整體．）〕
4. an organization for recycling clothes一個循環利用衣服的組織
5. collect old clothes from all over the country從全國各地收集舊衣服
6. some…, some…, and others… . 一些…， 一些…， 還有一些…。（固定句型）
another, other, others和the others
a) another 通常用於指三者或三者以上, “下一個的,另一個的”.
This pair of shoes is too short for me, and I want to try another one.
但是若其後有數詞或 few 修飾時，則也可接複數名詞。如：
We need another few chairs. In another two weeks it'll be finished.
b) other 指剩下的一部分,相當於some,
Some people are playing on the playground, other people are playing chess under the tree
一些人在操場上玩,還有一部分人在樹下下棋
other之前常用定冠詞the．一定範圍內兩人（物），一個用one,另一個用the other. one…the other
I have two cats, one is black and the other is white.
There are only two books left. But I don’t like this one. Will you please show me the other?
(3) 泛指別的人或物時，用others。 當在一定範圍內，除去一部分後，剩餘部分但不是全部時候，也用others.
others 和some對比使用時, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他”講, some…others
Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗戶, 有的擦地板。
c) the others 是“其餘的”意思, 表示在一個範圍內的其他全部,
He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class.
There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students are boys.
Some of the pencils are red. The others are green.
(4) some…, some…, and others… . 一些…， 一些…， 還有一些…。（固定句型）
Some people enjoy reading in their spare time, some enjoy riding, and others enjoy staying at home.
7. be given to the poor 給貧困的人
8. be sent to factories for recycling送到工廠進行循環利用 send … to 把……送給……
9. have many laws to protect the environment 有許多保護環境的法律
10. be not allowed to cut down trees 不允許砍樹
allow v. 允許，准許 I’m afraid we don’t allow people to bring dogs into this restaurant.
allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事 sb. be allowed to do （被動）
allow doing We do not allow smoking in the hall.
cut down 砍到 cut down trees吹倒樹木
11. will be punished 會被懲罰 punishment n. 懲罰
12. drop litter in a public place 在公開場合丟垃圾
13. be fined by the police 被警察罰款
fine 作動詞 fine sb. for sth./ doing sth. He was fined 50 pounds for driving without lights.
作名詞 罰款 You’ll get a fine if you park your car here.
14. laws to limit air and water pollution 控制空氣和水汙染的法律
limit n. 限度，限制 He was fined for exceeding the speed limit.
界限，範圍 Lorries are not allowed within a two- mile limit of the town centre.
v. 限制，限定 I’m limiting myself to one cup of coffee one day.
15. Nature is our greatest treasure. 自然是我們最大的寶藏。
16. depend on its rich resources to live 依靠它豐富的資源生存
depend v. 視情況而定 – Can you lend me some money? – That depends. How much do you want?
depend on/upon 依靠；取決於 They depend on donations from the public.
17. use energy from the sun 利用太陽能 18.new types of energy新型能源
19. cost very little 花費很少
20. run out 用光
run out (of sth.) 用完；耗盡 We’ve run out of coffee. Time is running out. My passport runs out next month.
21. produce little pollution 少產生點汙染
produce v. 大量生產，製造 The factory produced 20 000 cars a year.
種植，出產 This area produces most of the country’s wheat.
22. What have you done for the environment? 你為環境做了什麼？
23. do something to make a difference 採取措施發揮作用
make a difference 對…有影響；起作用 Marriage made a big difference to her life.
make no difference 對…沒影響；無足輕重 It makes no difference to us if the baby is a girl or a boy.
make a difference (to sb /sth ) 對—有影響，起作用
Grammar
1. be used up被用完 2.be invited to the show 被邀請參觀展覽
3. What will be discussed at the show? 展覽上將會討論什麼？ 4.one of the biggest problems最大的問題之一
5. throw rubbish into..把垃圾扔進…… 6.be filled with/be full of 充滿
7. in the future 將來 8.clean up打掃乾淨
9. act to improve the environment 行動起來改善環境
act v. 做事，行動 The doctor had to act quickly to save the child.
表現 Stop acting like a child!
扮演，表演 I acted in a play at school..
10. living things生物
(1) living意為“活著的、有生命的”，主要用於作前置定語及冠詞the之後，表示一類人，也可用作表語，可修飾人或物。
a living plant——活的植物
The living will go on with the work of the dead. 活著的人將繼續死者的工作。
all living things——所有生物
the living——在世者，活著的人們
Latin is not a living language. 拉丁語不是現代使用的語言。
He is still living at the age of 95. 95歲了他還活著。
2) lovely意為“可愛的”“美好的”。如： a lovely day, a lovely girl
3) alive意為“活著的、有活力的”，是表語形容詞，可修飾人或物；在句中做表語賓補或後置定語，不能用作前置定語。
He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往醫院時還活著。
Although he is old, he is still very much alive. 雖然年老了，但他仍十分活躍。
The fish is still alive/living. 那條魚還活著。
Keep him alive, please. 請讓他活下去吧。
He is the only man alive in the accident. 他是事故中唯一活著的人。
Those alive will gather here. 活著的人將在此相聚。
4) live [laiv]
(1) (動、植物)“活的”“有生命的”“活生生的”，主要用來說鳥或其他動物，作前置定語；如：a live fish——一條活魚
a live tiger——一隻活老虎
(2) 實況的、現場直播的。如：a live report——現場報道；a live show/broadcast/TV program——現場轉播的表演/實況廣播/現場直播的電視節目
5) lively意為活潑的、有生氣的、生動的。 “生動的”可用作表語、定語，指人或物。如：
a lively child——活潑的孩子 a lively description——生動的描述 a lively mind——活躍的頭腦；
a lively discussion——熱烈的討論； a way of making one's classes lively——使課堂生動的方法
He told a lively story about his life in Africa.他講述了一個有關他的非洲生活的生動故事。
Young children are usually lively. 年輕人通常很活潑。
11. we will have a chance to talk about… 我們將有機會談論……
12. make the world a better place 把世界變成一個更美好的地方
Integrated skills
1. turn off the tap when brushing teeth 刷牙時關上水龍頭
2. take showers for less than ten minutes 洗澡少於十分鐘
3. use both sides of the paper 用盡紙張的兩面 4. recycle empty bottles循環利用空瓶子
4. do a survey做個調查
5. ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問有關……的事 sb. be asked about sth.(被動)
6. Here are the results of the survey.以下是調查的結果。
7. do a lot to help protect the environment
8. try our best to do 盡我們的所能去做
9. look nicer with more trees around 周圍有很多樹看起來更美
10. reduce dust and help keep the air clean減少灰塵和保持空氣乾淨
11. be harmful to our health =do harm to our health 對我們的健康有害
harmful adj. 有害的 Traffic fumes are harmful to the environment.
harm v. 損害，傷害 Too much sun can harm your skin.
n. 傷害， 損害 These berries didn’t do him any harm.
Air pollution is harmful to our health.
= Air pollution does harm to our health.
be harmed by … 被……傷害
12. keep soil in place 保持水土 in place 在正確位置
Study skills
1. natural resources 自然資源 2. have a wider use有更廣泛的用途
2. be dug up from the ground 從地下挖掘出來 dig – dug digging
The children are busy digging in the sand.
dig sth. up 挖掘出；探究 They were digging up potatoes.
Task
1. change for the worse 變得更糟 change for the better/ worse 變好/ 變化
for a change 變化一下，變變花樣 I usually ride to work, but today I decided to work for a change.
make a change 使不同於以往； 換個口味
2. take steps 採取措施 take steps to do sth =take action to do sth採取措施幹某事
3. We should also reuse water if possible 如果可能的話我們也應該重複使用水。
4. in order to save water 為了節約水
5. turn off the power關閉電源
6. be in use正在使用
7. plastic bags塑料袋
8. Recycling is also a good way to help reduce pollution. 循環利用也是一種幫助減少汙染的好辦法。
9. separate waste into different groups把垃圾分成幾類
10. develop a green lifestyle 養成綠色（環保）的生活方式
11. do more exercise多做鍛鍊
12. watch less TV 少看電視
13. follow these small steps按照這幾步走
14. make a big difference to the earth 對地球產生大的影響
三. 詞形變化
1. dig-dug-dug-digging 2. wise-wisely serious-seriously
3. punish-punishes 4. cut-cut-cut-cutting run-ran-run-running
5. different-difference 6. pollute-pollution
7. live-living 8. harm-harmful
9. care-careful-careless-carefully-carelessly 10. simple-simpler-simplest
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