高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】（持续更新中）
课标要求
一、时态
①现在进行时
②一般现在时
③一般过去时
④一般将来时
⑤过去进行时
⑥现在完成时
二、语态
①一般现在时
②一般过去时
③一般将来时
高分突破讲解
一、动词时态
（一）现在进行时(★☆☆)
<strong>1.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时的构成为:主语+be动词(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词。动词的现在分词和动名词的变化规则如下表:
<strong>2.现在进行时的用法 (2015、2011年考)
(1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
- —What are you doing? 你在干什么?
- —I’m reading English.我在读英语。
(2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。如:
- They are studying hard this term. 他们这个学期学习一直很努力。
(3)come,go,leave,arrive,start 等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:
- The bus is coming soon. 车不久就会来了。
(4)在由while(当……时候)引导的状语从句中,动词通常要用进行时。如:
- While you are sitting on the grass, I’ll read you the novel.当你坐在草地上时,我会给你读小说。
（二）一般现在时(★☆☆)
<strong>1.一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数则在动词原形后加s或es。动词第三人称单数的构成方式如下:
<strong>2.一般现在时的用法(2013、2010年考)
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与often, always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。如:
- I often go to school by bike.我经常骑车去上学。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:
- The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:
- If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.如果明天下雨,我们将不去公园。
- When I grow up, I will go to America.当我长大后,我将去美国。
（三）一般过去时(★☆☆)
<strong>1.一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,即:主语+动词的过去式。动词过去式和过去分词的变化分为规则和不规则两种。下表是动词的过去式和过去分词的变化规则:
<strong>2.一般过去时的用法(2017,2011年考)
(1)表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
- I got up at six this morning. 今天早上我6点起床。
(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:
- When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. 我在乡下时,常常在河里游泳。
(3)用于since引导的从句。主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时,since引导的从句要用一般过去时。如:
- He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990. 自从1990年这家工厂开办以来,他就在这里工作。
- You haven’t changed much since we last met. 自从我上一次见到你以来,你没有大的变化。
（四）一般将来时(★☆☆)
<strong>1.一般将来时的构成
一般将来时通常用“主语+will/be going to+动词原形”来表示,有些动词可以用“主语+be doing”形式来表示。
<strong>2.一般将来时的用法(2016,2011年考)
(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next week, in a few days, next Sunday等表示将来的时间状语连用。如:
- Will you be back in two days? 你将在两天后回来吗?
(2)当主语是I或we时,问句中一般使用shall表示征求对方意见。如:
- Where shall we meet tomorrow? 明天我们在哪里会面?
(3)be going to+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,常指已经决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:
- What are you going to do next Sunday? 下周日你打算干什么?
(4)be doing有时表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。常用这种结构的动词有:go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin等。如:
- She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。
（五）过去进行时(★★☆)
<strong>1.过去进行时的构成
- 过去进行时的构成为:主语+be(was/were)+动词的现在分词。
<strong>2.过去进行时的用法(2018、2014、2012、2010年考)
(1)表示在过去的某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与this time yesterday, at that time, then, at 9:00 last Sunday morning, all night等表示过去的时间状语连用。如:
- —What were you doing this time yesterday? 昨天的这个时候你在做什么?
- —I was watching TV.我在看电视。
(2)表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后,另一个过去的动作正在进行。过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。如:
- When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.当我在花园浇水时,突然下雨了。
- While we were having a party, the lights went out.当我们正举行聚会时,灯突然灭了。
(3)表示两个过去的动作同时进行,这时可用连接词while连接。如:
- I was writing while my mother was cooking.我在写作时,我妈妈在煮饭。
- George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio.乔治在读书,而他的妻子在听收音机。
(4)“was going+动词不定式”表示过去打算做某事。如:
- He was going to be our team leader.他原打算当我们的队长。
（六）现在完成时(★★★)
<strong>1.现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的构成为:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词。否定句应在have/has后加not变为haven’t/hasn’t;疑问句应将have/has放到句子主语之前。
<strong>2.现在完成时的用法(2012~2019年考)
(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有:already, yet, ever, never, just等。其中already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;yet常放在句末,在疑问句中表示“已经”,在否定句中表示“还”。如:
- I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。
- —Have you found your lost pen yet? 你找到丢失的笔了吗?
- —No, I haven’t found it yet.不,我还没有找到。
(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常与for或since短语连用,该类用法中要求谓语动词必须使用延续性动词(简称“长命动词”)。在该用法中应将短暂性动词(简称“短命动词”)转化为延续性动词。常见的转化如下:
- 如:We have lived here since 2000.从2000年开始我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去）
- I have learnt English for three years.我学英语3年了。
注意:for后接时间段,since后接表示过去的时间点或时间状语从句。对时间状语提问时,用how long。如:
- I’ve known Li Lei for five years.=I’ve known Li Lei since five years ago.我认识李磊已经5年了。
(3)时间状语(标志词)
①already(肯定句), yet(否定句), never, ever, just, twice
②since+过去时间/过去时从句; for+时间段,提问用how long
③so far
④单独的before
⑤in the past/last 200 years, over the years
二、动词语态
（一）有关被动语态的基础知识
<strong>1.被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。如:
- He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
- The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
<strong>2.被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be动词的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
<strong>3.被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
- This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:
- More trees must be planted every year.每年都应该种更多的树。
(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:
- Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的使用广泛)
(4)句子的主语是动作的承受者。如:
- Many houses were pulled down by the earthquake.许多房屋被地震摧毁了。
【拓展知识】
1.不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态。常见词有:happen, take place, look, sound, feel, smell, taste, become等。如:
- The story happened on a cold night.这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
- The food tasted delicious.这种食物尝起来很美味。
2.在主动语态中不带“to”的动词不定式,在被动语态中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have。如:
- He made the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl was made to stay at home.
（二）一般现在时的被动语态(主语+am/are/is+done)(★★☆)(2015、2012年考)
Russian isalsotaught in their school.他们学校也教俄语。(肯定句)
The windows of our house arecleaned once a week.我们房子的窗户一星期擦一次。(肯定句)
→The windows of our house aren’tcleaned once a week.(否定句,在is, am, are后加not)
→Are the windows of our house cleaned once a week?(一般疑问句,把is, am, are提句首)
（三）一般过去时的被动语态(主语+was/were+done)(★★★)(2018、2017、2016、2013年考)
Beijing wasliberated in January,1949.北京是1949年1月解放的。(肯定句)
These photos weretaken on the Great Wall.这些照片是在长城拍摄的。(肯定句)
→These photos weren’ttaken on the Great Wall.(否定句,在was, were后加not)
→Were these photos taken on the Great Wall? (一般疑问句,把was, were提句首)
（四）一般将来时的被动语态(will+be+done)(is/am/aregoingto+be+done)(★★☆)(2019、2014年考)
A new school library willbebuilt next year.一个新的校图书馆将于明年建成。(肯定句)
→A new school library won’tbebuilt next year.(否定句,在will后加not)
→Will a new school library bebuilt next year?(一般疑问句,把will提句首)
A new school library isgoingtobebuilt next year.一个新的校图书馆将于明年建成。(肯定句)
→A new school library isn’tgoingtobe built next year.(否定句,在is/am/are后加not)
→Is a new school library goingtobebuilt next year?(一般疑问句,把is/am/are提句首)
广东真题
( )1.(2015广东)Don’t disturb Allen now.He for the SpellingBee competition.
A.prepares
B.prepared
C.is preparing
D.will prepare
( )2.(2011广东)—Alan, it’s late.Why not go to bed?
—Jenny hasn’t come back yet.I for her.
A.waited
B.have waited
C.am waiting
D.was waiting
( )3.(2008广东)—Jackson, I haven’t seen you these days.
—I for the coming English test.
A.am preparing
B.will prepare
C.prepare
D.have prepared
( )4.(2013广东)If Nancy the exam,she will go to Australia for English study.
A.pass
B.passed
C.passes
D.will pass
( )5.(2017广东)Sue wasn’t happy because she the concert given by her favorite singer.
A.misses
B.missed
C.will miss
D.is missing
( )6.(2011广东)Our math teacher in our school for 20 years and he here when he was 23 years old.
A.has taught; has come
B.taught; comes
C.taught; came
D.has taught; came
( )7.(2016广东)With the development of science and technology, robot cooks in our families in the future.
A.appear
B.appeared
C.will appear
D.were appearing
( )8.(2011广东)—Let’s go fishing if it this weekend.
—But nobody knows if it .
A.is fine; will rain
B.will be fine; rains
C.will be fine; will rain
D.is fine; rains
( )9.(2018广东)—I saw the light of your room was still on at two o’clock last night.
—Oh, I a football match of the Russia World Cup.
A.watched
B.was watched
C.am watching
D.was watching
( )10.(2014广东)—I didn’t see you at the beginning of the party last night.
—I on my biology report at that time.
A.worked
B.work
C.was working
D.am working
( )11.(2012广东)Jenny in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o’clock this afternoon.
A.is cooking
B.was cooking
C.cooks
D.cooked
( )12.(2019广东)My father in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda.
A.was working
B.is working
C.has worked
D.will work
( )13.(2018广东)It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong to more than 1,000 so far.
A.increase
B.increased
C.has increased
D.will increase
( )14.(2017广东)Betty hard since last term.That’s why her exam results are so good!
A.has worked
B.will work
C.worked
D.was working
( )15.(2016广东)School violence (暴力) much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.
A.drew
B.will draw
C.has drawn
D.was drawing
( )16.(2015广东)Lei Feng for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A.died
B.has died
C.was dead
D.has been dead
( )17.(2015广东)—Have you heard of the song LittleApple?
—Yes.It every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.
A.is played
B.plays
C.was played
D.played
( )18.(2012广东)Hot water in the students’ flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now.
A.supplies
B.is supplied
C.supplied
D.was supplied
( )19.(2018 广东)Many shops in China to shut down as a new law against ivory(象牙)trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018.
A.ordered
B.didn’t order
C.were ordered
D.weren’t ordered
( )20.(2017 广东)The waiter told me that free parking for the hotel guests.
A.provides
B.provided
C.will be provided
D.was provided
( )21.(2016 广东)He Jiang to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A.invites
B.invited
C.is invited
D.was invited
( )22.(2013广东)It last week that the haze(雾霾)in Beijing caused many problems.
A.reports
B.reported
C.is reported
D.was reported
( )23.(2019广东)It is said that one Greater Bay Area university in Guangdong in the future.
A.will be built
B.build
C.will build
D.is built
( )24.(2014广东)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it some day in the future.
A.will find
B.won’t find
C.will be found
D.won’t be found
( )25.(2008广东)More than two schools
in the city next year.A.are built
B.were built
C.have built
D.will be built
答案
1 ~ 5 CCACB
6 ~10 DCADC
11~15 BCCAC
16~20 DABCD
21~25 DDACD
英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——动词时态和语态
英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——宾语从句
英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——情态动词
英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——冠词
英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——名词
閱讀更多 高分突破 的文章
