“Vice-chancellor”是副校長還是校長?

下面的兩張截圖是分別截自英國和澳大利亞的兩個大學的學歷證明:

“Vice-chancellor”是副校長還是校長?

翻譯實踐


“Vice-chancellor”是副校長還是校長?

翻譯學習


翻譯英文的學位證和畢業證時,經常會遇到Vice-chancellor,或者Vice-chancellor and president,小編在第一次接觸這個單詞時一直以為Vice-chancellor是副校長的意思,而Vice-chancellor and president是副校長兼校長的意思,但是雖然這樣翻譯了,但是心中不免有疑問,為啥這麼多學校的副校長和校長均由一人兼任呢。經小編查詢資料發現,原來Vice-chancellor和Vice-chancellor and president均等同於我國的校長,因此翻譯的時候也應當直接翻譯成“校長”。

我們來看一下下面的解釋:

A "vice-chancellor" (commonly called a "VC") of a university in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, other Commonwealth countries, and some universities in Hong Kong, is the chief executive of the university. In Scotland, Canada, and Ireland, the chief executive of a university is usually called principal or president, with vice-chancellor being an honorific associated with this title, allowing the individual to bestow degrees in absence of the chancellor.

在英格蘭、威爾士、北愛爾蘭、新西蘭、澳大利亞、尼泊爾、印度、孟加拉國、馬來西亞、尼日利亞、巴基斯坦、斯里蘭卡、南非,其他英聯邦國家和地區的大學,以及部分香港大學, “vice-chancellor”(一般簡稱“VC”)是大學的首席執行官。在蘇格蘭、加拿大和愛爾蘭,大學的首席執行官通常被稱為principal或president(均為校長之意),並在principal或president後面加上“vice-chancellor”作為此頭銜相關的榮譽,允許該頭銜人員在“chancellor”不在時授予學位。

那麼你會看到上段裡面出現了個“chancellor”,既然“vice-chancellor”已經是校長了,那chancellor豈不是比vice-chancellor要高一級?

彆著急,讓我們看一下chancellor的定義就明白了:

A chancellor is the chairman of a university's governing body; thus, as well as having ceremonial duties, the chancellor participates in the governance of the university (but not its active management).

“chancellor”是大學管理機構的主席,因此,除了履行儀式性的工作外,“chancellor”還會參與大學的治理(但不參與其積極管理)。

Strictly speaking, the VC is only a deputy to the chancellor of the university, but the chancellor is usually a prominent public figure who acts as a ceremonial figurehead only (e.g., the chancellor of the University of Cambridge for 36 years was Prince Philip), while the vice-chancellor acts as the day-to-day chief executive. An assistant to a vice-chancellor is called a pro-vice-chancellor or deputy vice-chancellor; these were traditionally academics who were elected to take on additional responsibilities in addition to their regular teaching and research for a limited time, but are now increasingly commonly permanent appointments. In some universities (e.g. in Australian universities: Deakin University, Macquarie University), there are several deputy vice-chancellors subordinate to the vice-chancellor, with pro-vice-chancellor being a position at executive level ranking below deputy vice-chancellor.

嚴格來說,“vice-chancellor”只是大學“chancellor”的副職,但“chancellor”只是一位有名的公眾人物,僅僅是一位儀式性、且有名無實的領導人(例如,菲利普親王曾擔任劍橋大學36年的“chancellor”) ,而日常的首席執行官則由“vice-chancellor”擔任。協助“vice-chancellor”的職位被稱為“pro-vice-chancellor”或“deputy vice-chancellor”;(譯者注:這裡的“pro-vice-chancellor”或“deputy vice-chancellor”才是真正的副校長)。“pro-vice-chancellor”或“deputy vice-chancellor”都是傳統上的學者,除了在有限的時間內進行定期的教學和研究外,還被選出來擔任其他職責,但現在越來越普遍地成為永久任命。 在一些大學中(例如,澳大利亞的大學:迪肯大學,麥考瑞大學),“vice-chancellor”下面會有多個“deputy vice-chancellor”,而“pro-vice-chancellor”在行政級別上的地位低於“deputy vice-chancellor”。

從以上我們可以看出,“vice-chancellor”才是大學的首席執行人員和管理人員,也相當於大學的校長,而“chancellor”則是大學的名譽校長。

“Vice-chancellor”是副校長還是校長?

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