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週末送乾貨。之前做口語方面的文章不少，多是偏表達方式的，如何表達更地道，同樣的意思怎麼說更委婉。今天這篇鍛鍊口語的小技巧是從發音角度講，很基礎，明白易懂好上手。
Hacking Your Language Study
巧學英語
My favourite tricks focus on the aspects of English that are very easy to master, and I develop ways around the parts of English that are “hard” to understand. Usually, it's not the language itself that's “hard”, but your method for studying might be causing the language to seem more challenging. If you look at those challenges in a new light then they can become much easier!
英語學習的訣竅中，我最喜歡的最容易掌握，最“難”理解的部分我會重點擊破。一般來說，語言本身並不“難”，“難”的是學習的方法不對，會讓一切努力事倍功半。如果你換一個角度看這些難點，它們就會變得簡單多了。
Simple Rules for Pronouncing ~ed
~ed的發音規則
One of my favourite pronunciation hacks for English learners is how to properly pronounce ~ed.
這是我最愛的英語發音絕招之一，即正確發出~ed這個音。
In my experience this is one of the most obvious parts of a foreign accent. Luckily, it's also one of the easiest to fix. Learning the right way to say ~ed can have a huge impact on your accent. But best of all it is very easy to learn.
以我的經驗來看，這個部分的發音錯誤最明顯，不過這個部分也是最容易糾正的。如何正確發出~ed對你的英語口語有重大影響。最最重要的還是它糾正起來最最簡單。
There are only three possible ways to pronounce this, and (unlike much of the English language) the rules are consistent:
~ed只有三種發音，它可不像其他英語發音千變萬化，它的發音規則是有跡可循的：
Rule1: After a d or t, pronounce it as [ɪd].
規則1：跟在d或者t後面，請發[ɪd].
In English, it's not possible to say a t and d sound immediately after each other, so we add in the vowel sound. Do this in words like wanted, painted, ended, admitted, suggested, started, etc.
英語中 t 和 d 連在一起不可能直接發這兩個音，所以兩者之間需要加一個元音。將這個規則用在如下單詞：wanted, painted, ended, admitted, suggested, started等。
Rule2: After the sounds p, f, s, ch, sh and k, pronounce it as [t].
規則2：如果~ed跟在p,f,s,ch,sh和k之後，請將其發成[t]。
These sounds cannot be followed by a d in English, so the sound changes to a [t]. Do this in words like stopped, laughed (f sound), finished, and walked.
以上一連串的字母不可以直接接d，所以需要變音為[t]。請發音如下單詞： stopped, laughed (尾部是f的發音 ), finished, 以及 walked。
Rule3: In all other cases, pronounce it as [d].
規則3：其他的情況下，ed發音為[d]
Take care not to pronounce the e sound in ~ed here: just pronounce the [d]. Try it in the words imagined, cleaned, enjoyed, cried, and allowed.
請注意，不要將~ed中的e真正發出來，發[d]就好。請嘗試朗讀如下單詞：imagined, cleaned, enjoyed, cried, and allowed
The Position of Your Mouth
注意口型
Another way to remember this is to think of the position of your mouth in the part of the word before the ~ed.
還有一種方法，記住發~ed音的時候你的口型是怎樣的。
For the first rule, notice that d and t are both sounds created by putting your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Because they're in nearly the same spot, it's hard to move between them without adding in a vowel! Try it out.
對規則1來說，要發出d和t兩個音，都需要將舌頭頂住上顎，發音位置近乎一致。所以要連續發這兩個音是很困難的，必須要在中間加一個元音！現在再發音試試看吧。
For the second rule, all but one of the sounds (k) is made by putting your lips or teeth together.
對於規則2，所有的音（除了k）都需要嘴唇或者牙齒閉合。
For the third rule, most of the sounds have either a hummed sound (like n or m) or an open, vowel position (like a or o) prior to the ~ed.
規則3，跟在~ed之前，大部分的音都跟“哼”的聲音很像（像n或者m的發音）,或者是一個開元音的發音位置（如a或者o的發音）。
Just remember that certain mouth positions lend themselves to being compensated for with different ways of saying ~ed, and you're good to go!
只要記住一些口型是為了迎合~ed發音而變化的，發準音絕沒問題！
And if that is still too confusing?
如果你還是覺得沒弄明白的話怎麼辦？
Then just remember this one rule: for the majority of cases, when you see ~ed, you should pronounce it like [d] (rather than [ɪd], which is only relevant after d or t). If you use this pronunciation by default when you're not sure, you're most likely to get it right.
只要記住這一條法則就行：大部分情況下，你看到~ed就發音為[d]（而不是[ɪd],因為只有d和t同時出現的時候才需要)。如果在你不確定的時候那就這麼發音吧，發音正確的概率還是很高的。
Making English Easy
讓英語變得小菜一碟
Even if you only follow this one, easy rule, it will help you with your English pronunciation, and soon enough the looks of confusion on the faces of your English-speaking friends will turn to smiles and nods of understanding.
單單這一個絕招，就能幫你提升英語發音。很快你的外國朋友會舒展臉上疑惑的眉頭，一展理解的笑容，頻頻點頭。
This applies to all languages you may be learning, not just English. If you're also learning Spanish, French, German, Italian, or Chinese along with English, you'll find more hacks you can use right away in the FI3M language guides.
不僅是英語，對於學習所有的外語這都適用。一旦你學了這幾招，語言學習就會飛速進步，你就會明白為什麼英語學習so easy啦！
同時，小編還有一個又實惠又快速的提升口語方法，那就是——
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