2019年8月30日，中國互聯網絡信息中心發佈了第44次《中國互聯網絡發展狀況統計報告》，《報告》顯示，截至2019年6月，我國網民總體規模達到8.54億，其中網絡直播用戶規模達到43322萬，超過網民總數的一半。網絡直播作為一種新興的網絡產業，在一片繁華的背後，也滋生了很多亂象和亟待法律規制的問題，比如網絡直播內容侵犯他人權益，網絡形式涉嫌違法等等，接下來王律師就針對目前網絡直播中涉及的主要法律問題進行簡單的歸納和分析。
On August 30, 2019, China Internet Network InformationCenter released the 44th Statistical Report on the development of China'sInternet Network. According to the report, by June 2019, the total number ofChina's Internet users had reached to 854 million, among which the number ofwebcast users had reached 433.22 million, more than half of the total number ofInternet users. Live online network as a new industry, behind a bustling, alsobreeds a lot of problems to be legal regulation of the mess and, for example,live online content that infringes on another person's rights, the networkforms of alleged illegal and so on, the next king lawyer is based on thecurrent of the main legal issues involved in the live webcast simple summaryand analysis.
01
關於直播唱歌、打遊戲、直播影視劇涉及的法律問題
當前直播種類中有一部分主播用歌聲“圈粉”，通過在其直播間翻唱他人作品收穫打賞，並與平臺分成，一部分主播直播打網遊，還有一部分主播是直播網劇電影等影視作品。
At present, there are some anchors who "circlefans" with their songs, and reward them by covering other people's worksin their live broadcast rooms, and share with the platform. Some anchors liveplay online games, and some anchors live TV dramas and movies.
上面所舉的三種直播形式，最容易侵犯的就是別人的知識產權，以唱歌為例，有些主播演唱的作品往往並未獲得任何授權，其通過翻唱他人作品收穫打賞盈利，並不構成合理使用，已經涉嫌侵犯他人的著作權。同樣直播打遊戲也可能侵犯了他人的著作權，廣東高院關於廣州網易計算機系統有限公司起訴廣州華多網絡科技有限公司網絡遊戲直播侵權案中論述到：“夢幻西遊”網絡遊戲連續動態畫面整體構成“以類似攝製電影的方法創作的作品”，應受到著作權法保護。華多公司未經許可組織主播人員直播涉案遊戲，並從中抽成獲利，直接侵害了網易公司的著作權。法院判決其停止侵權，並賠償網易公司2000萬元。
The three forms of live broadcasting mentionedabove are most likely to infringe the intellectual property rights of others.Take singing as an example. Some anchors often sing works without anyauthorization, and they earn profits by covering other people's works, whichdoes not constitute fair use and has been suspected of infringing others'copyright. Also live playing video games may also violate the copyright ofothers, the court in Guangdong about Guangzhou netease computer system co.,LTD., sued more network technology co., LTD., Guangzhou China network game liveinfringement is discussed to: "fantasy westward journey" network gameof continuous dynamic picture the whole works of "by virtue of theanalogous method of film creation", shall be protected by copyright law.Huaduo company organized anchors to broadcast the game without permission andmade profits from it, which directly infringed the copyright of neteasecompany. The court ordered him to stop the infringement and pay 20 million yuanto netease.
02
直播帶貨產生的法律問題
主播在直播平臺推薦商品，如果其只是收取服務費，那麼他的角色屬於廣告代言人；如果主播四處蒐羅、囤積超低價商品，只賣自己店鋪裡的貨，則其成為銷售者；有的網紅主播不滿足於替人賣貨，開始自創品牌、自產自銷，則其屬於生產者。
An anchor recommends commodities on a livestreaming platform. If the host only collects service fees, then his rolebelongs to advertising spokesman. If anchors scrounging, hoarding, and sellingonly the goods in their own stores, they become sellers. Some web celebrityanchors are not satisfied with the people to sell goods, began to create theirown brand, self-produced self-marketing, it belongs to the producer.
主播作為廣告代言人需要遵守《廣告法》的規定，不得使用“最好”、“最佳”等詞語，不得代言醫療、藥品、醫療器械、保健食品的廣告。如果直播推薦的產品出現質量問題，廣告代言人法律規定的範圍內與廣告主承擔連帶責任。如果主播作為生產者、銷售者，對於直播商品的質量問題是需要按照我國《消費者權益保護法》、《產品質量法》、《食品安全法》等法律中關於生產者、銷售者的有關規定。帶貨主播們，一旦帶貨“翻車”，就要承擔更多的民事賠償責任、市場監管給予的行政處罰風險，更有甚者要承擔刑事法律責任。例如欺詐消費者的“三倍賠償責任”,違反食品安全標準的“十倍賠償責任”。
Anchors as advertising spokesmen need to abide bythe provisions of the advertising law, shall not use the words"best", "best" and other words, shall not endorse medical,drug, medical equipment, health food advertising. If the product recommended bylive broadcast has quality problems, the advertising spokesperson shall bearjoint and several liability with the advertiser within the scope stipulated bylaw. If anchors are producers and sellers, the quality problem of livebroadcast commodities should be in accordance with the relevant provisions onproducers and sellers in China's consumer rights and interests protection law,product quality law, food safety law and other laws. Belt goods advocate sowpeople, once take goods "roll over", be about to bear more civilcompensation responsibility, the risk of administrative penalty that the marketsupervises gives, more even want to assume criminal law responsibility. Such as"triple liability" for defrauding consumers and "tenfoldliability" for violating food safety standards.
03
成年人打賞主播如何追回打賞的財產
最近網絡上也報道了很多未成年人鉅額打賞主播的新聞，那麼家長如何追回款項呢？
Recently, the Internet has also reported a lot ofnews about minors giving huge rewards to anchors, so how can parents recoverthe money?
從法律上我們首先要區分法律關係到底是什麼？“贈與”還是“消費”，其實怎樣定性要分情況看待，如果未成年人是基於喜歡、欣賞而打賞主播，這樣的行為性質應當是贈與行為。如果打賞是帶有一定的目的性或者點歌、點舞等這種情況是用消費來購買服務，可能涉及消費者權益保護法的相關規定。對打賞進行法律定性以後，就能按照相應的法律來判定是否能夠退回金額。
Legally we first have to distinguish what is alegal relationship? "Gift" or "consumption", in fact, howto determine how to treat the situation, if minors are based on love,appreciation and reward anchor, such behavior should be a gift behavior. If thereward is given with a certain purpose or song, dance and so on, this case isto use consumption to buy services, may involve the relevant provisions of theconsumer protection law. After the legal nature of the reward, according to thecorresponding law to determine whether the amount can be returned.
其次就是主體主體的問題，那就是如何證明是未成年人操作的，未成年人打賞時使用家長手機，家長的賬戶，充值後又將充值短信予以刪除，除非家庭無死角安裝攝像頭，否則家長很難舉證是否是未成年人進行操作。在這一快我們建議家長可以從充值時間來推定，比如一般都是在孩子放學後，或者晚飯後玩耍時間推定打賞主體，進而運用我國民法總則關於未成年人合同效力的規定，要求退款。
The second is the problem of the main body, thatis, how to prove the operation of minors, minors use parents' mobile phones, parents'accounts, after the recharge will be deleted recharge SMS, unless there is nodead corner of the family installed camera, or it is difficult for parents toprove whether the operation of minors. In this case, we suggest that parentscan infer from the time of recharge, for example, generally in the childrenafter school, or after dinner play time presumption reward subject, and thenapply the general provisions of our civil law on the effectiveness of thecontract of minors, to demand a refund.
網絡並非法外之地，直播作為一種新型消費模式，設計的法律問題方方面面，作為主播應當遵守關於主播的法律法規，作為消費者需要掌握如何利用法律維護自己的合法權益，從而促進網絡健康有序發展，維護社會秩序。
As a new consumption mode, live broadcasting isdesigned in all aspects of legal issues. Anchors should abide by laws andregulations on anchors, and consumers should know how to use laws to protecttheir legitimate rights and interests, so as to promote the healthy and orderlydevelopment of the network and maintain social order.
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