A herniated disk is a condition that can occur anywhere along the spine, but most often occurs in the lower back. It is sometimes called a bulging, protruding, or ruptured disk. It is one of the most common causes of lower back pain, as well as leg pain or “sciatica.”
椎间盘突出症可以发生在脊柱的任何部位，但最常发生在腰部，有时称为膨出、突出或椎间盘破裂，是导致腰痛、腿痛或坐骨神经痛最常见原因之一。
Between 60% and 80% of people will experience low back pain at some point their lives. Some of these people will have low back pain and leg pain caused by a herniated disk.
60%到80%的人都会患腰痛，一些人是因腰椎间盘突出引起腰痛和腿痛。
Although a herniated disk can be very painful, most people feel much better with just a few weeks or months of nonsurgical treatment.
虽然椎间盘突出会很痛苦，但大多数人经过非手术治疗几周或几个月的治疗会改善。
Anatomy 解剖
Your spine is made up of 24 bones, called vertebrae, that are stacked on top of one another. These bones connect to create a canal that protects the spinal cord.
Five vertebrae make up the lower back. This area is called your lumbar spine.
脊柱是由24块彼此连接在一起的椎骨组成，并形成一个保护脊髓的椎管。
腰椎由五块椎骨组成。
Other parts of your spine include: 脊柱的其他结构包括:
Spinal cord and nerves. These "electrical cables" travel through the spinal canal carrying messages between your brain and muscles. Nerve roots branch out from the spinal cord through openings in the vertebrae.
脊髓和神经。这些“电缆线”穿过椎管，在大脑和肌肉之间传递信息，神经根通过椎间孔从脊髓分出。
Intervertebral disks. In between your vertebrae are flexible intervertebral disks. These disks are flat and round, and about a half inch thick.
椎间盘。椎骨之间柔软的盘状结构，呈圆形扁平状，大约半英寸厚。
Intervertebral disks act as shock absorbers when you walk or run. They are made up of two components:
走路或跑步时，椎间盘可作为减震器，它由两个部分组成：
- Annulus fibrosus. This is the tough, flexible outer ring of the disk.
- Nucleus pulposus. This is the soft, jelly-like center of the disk.
外周纤维环，坚韧有弹性。
中心髓核，柔软呈果冻状。
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