高考必考英語語法超級歸納

高考必考英語語法超級歸納 一、冠詞 冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。 I. 不定冠詞的用法 A plane is a machine that can fl 1 指一類人或事，相當於a kind of y. 2 A boy is waiting for you.有個男孩在等你。 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 3We study eight hours a day. 表示"每一"相當於every，one 4We are nearly of an age. 表示"相同"相當於the same — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Sm ith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn 用於人名前，表示不認識此人或與 't______ Mr. Smith here. 5 某名人有類似性質的人或事 B. a A. 不填 C. theD. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷鋒） a couple of, a bit, once upon a ti 用於固定詞組中me, in a hurry, have a walk, ma 6 ny a time 用於quite, rather, many, half, wha This room is rather a big one.7 t, such之後 She is as clever a girl as you can 8 用於so(as, too, how)+形容詞之後 wish to meet. success(抽象名詞)→a success(具體化) 成功 的人或事 a failure 失敗的人或事 a shame帶來恥辱的人 或事 用於抽象名詞具體化的名詞前 9 a pity 可惜或遺憾的事 a must 必需必備的事 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知 識

. 定冠詞的用法II In many places in China, ___ bicycle i s still ___ popular means of transport 表示某一類人或物 1 ation. A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the 用於世上獨一無二的事物名 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Oc 2 ean 詞前 表示說話雙方都瞭解的或上 3Would you mind opening the door? 文提到過的人或事 用於演奏樂器 4play the violin, play the guitar 用於形容詞和分詞前表示一 5the reach, the living, the wounded 類人 —Could you tell me the way to ____ J ohnsons, please? —Sorry, we don't have ____ Johnson 表示"一家人"或"夫婦"（對比上文 6 here in the village. 的不定冠詞用法5） A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; / 用於序數詞和形容詞副詞比 7He is the taller of the two children. 較級最高級前 用於國家黨派等以及江河湖 the United States, the Communist Part 8 y of China, the French 海，山川群島的名詞前 用於表示發明物的單數名詞 9The compass was invented in China. 前

在逢十的複數數詞之前，指 10 in the 1990's(二十世紀九十年代) 世紀的某個年代 用於表示度量單位的名詞前 11I hired the car by the hour. 用於方位名詞，身體部位名 12He patted me on the shoulder. 詞

I. 名詞的種類 專有名詞普通名詞 可數名詞不可數名詞 國名地名人名，團體 機構名稱 個體名詞抽象名詞集體名詞物質名詞 特別注意名詞類別的相互轉換 個體名詞與抽象名詞的相互轉換 例 句 名詞性質 意 義 ①She held someflowersin her h 個體名詞花兒 and. ②The trees are now inflower 抽象名詞開花 ①Youthis beautiful. 抽象名詞青春 ②He is ayouthof twenty 個體名詞年輕人 ①They have achieved remarkable 抽象名詞成功 successin their work. ②—How about the Christmas eve ning party? 成功的事個體名詞 —I should say it was a suc cess. 物質名詞與個體名詞的相互轉換 例 句意 義 名詞性質 ①Ironis a kind of metal. 物質名詞鐵

②Please lend me youriron. 熨斗個體名詞 ①He broke a piece ofglass. 玻璃物質名詞 ②He broke aglass. 玻璃杯個體名詞 ①I bought a chicken this mornin 個體名詞小雞 g ②Please help yourself to somec 物質名詞雞肉 hicken 抽象名詞與個體名詞的轉換 ①—I'd like______information about the management of y our hotel,please. —Well, you could have____word with the mana ger. He might be helpful A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a ②They sent usword of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象 具有動作意義的抽象名 名詞） 詞加用與某些動詞（如： A.aB.anC./ D.the have等）連 ③Could we haveword before you go to the meeting? 話 用，表示某一次短暫 （個體名詞） A.a B.anC./D.the 的動作 類例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/ a discussion/a look take a walk/a bathmake an advance( 進步)/make an early start(早點出發) /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(發出痛 苦的叫聲) /give a try ①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a m 表示知識和時間的 ust in____international trade today. A.a,/B.the, anC.the, theD. /, the 抽象名詞轉換為普 a knowledge of truth(知道實際情況) 通名詞時可以用來 give a fuller knowledge of China(提供關於中國更為翔實的知識) have a knowledge of shorthand(有速記的知識) 表示 ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school. 其中的一部分 A.the happiest timeB.a more happier time

C.much happiest timeD.a much happier time ③ is money. A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times ①Oh, John. _____you gave me! A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How pleasant surpri se 抽象名詞轉換為普通名 C.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surprise 詞可用來表示"一次、一 ②She looked upwhen I shouted. 陣、一種"具體的行為、 A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in 事件、現象或結 some surprise 果。這時名詞前往往 其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise 有形容詞修飾 ③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a lo ok at it. A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusual D.so an unusual II. 名詞的數 規則名詞的複數形式：名詞的複數形式，一般在單數形式後面加-s或-es（參看有關語法 書）。英語裡有些名詞的複數形式是不規則的，請看下錶 規 則例 詞 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形 man-men, woman-women, foot-fee 1 t, goose-geese, mouse-mice 式 sheep, deer, series, means, works, 單複數相同 2 fish, species ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, g oods, glasses, compasses, content只有複數形式 3 s 一些集體名詞總是用作複數 people, police, cattle, staff4 audience, class, family, crowd, cou 部分集體名詞既可以作單數（整 ple, group, committee, governmen 5 t, population, crew, team, public, 體）也可以作複數（成員） enemy, party

customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), sp irits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), paper 複數形式表示特別含義 6 s(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), bra ins(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟) Americans, Australians, Germans, 加-s Greeks, Swedes, Europeans Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japan 表示"某國 單複數同形 7 ese 人" 以-man或-woman結尾的 Englishmen, Frenchwomen 改為-men,-women sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-b 將主體名詞變為複數 y, story-tellers, boy friends 無主體名詞時將最後一 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatch 合成名詞 8 es 部分變為複數 將兩部分變為複數 women singers, men servants III. 主謂一致 情 況舉 例 規則 His father is working on the far m. To study English well is not eas 語 y. 以單數名詞或代詞動詞不定式短語， Reading in the sun is bad for y 法 our eyes. 動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動 What he said is very important 一 for us all. 詞一般用單數形式；主語為複數時， 由what引導的主語從句，後面的謂語動詞多 致 數情況用單數形式，但若表語是複數或what 謂語動詞 從句是一個帶有複數意義的並列結構時，主句 原 的謂語動詞用複數形式。 用複數形式。 what I bought were three Engli 則 sh books. What I say and do is (are) hel pful for you.

Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom.由連接詞and或both…and連接起來的主 Many a boy and many a girl lik語後面，要用複數形式的謂語動詞。但若所 es it. 連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物 No boy and no girl likes it.時，它後面的謂語就用單數形式。由and Each of us has a new book.Is 連接的並列單數主語前如果分別有no, eac everyone here today?h, every 或more than a (an)/one,m Somebody is speaking in class.any a (an) 修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數 Everything around us is matter形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數名詞和由some, any no, every 若none of 後面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的 構成的複合不定代詞，都作單數看待。. 謂語動詞就要用單數。若它後面的名詞是複數， 它的謂語動詞用單數或複數都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. Those who want to go please write their names on the black board.在定語從句裡，關係代詞that, who, whi He is one of my friends who arch 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中 e working hard.先行詞的數一致。 He is the (only) one of my frie nds who is working hard. It is I who am going to the cin ema tonight. 在強調句型中應與被強調部分一致 It is we who are going to the c inema tonight. The police are looking for the l ost child. The cattle are eating grass in t如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的 he field. His family has moved to the south .謂語動詞用單數形式；如果它指的集 (他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人） 體的成員，其謂語動詞用複數形式 Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的學生） There are a lot of people in the由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a hea

classroom. p of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the maj ority of+名詞構成的短語以及由分數或百 Three-fourths of the surface of 分數+名詞構成的短語作主語時，其謂語動 the earth is sea. 詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。 50 percent of the students in o ur class are girls. 此外，還有a number of +複數名詞有類似 的用法（用複數），但the number of +復 數名詞的數就得依number 而定（用單數）。 A number of students have gon e to the farm to help the farm er pick apples. The number of pages in this bo ok is three hundred. There comes the bus.On the w all are many pictures. 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其後 Such is the result.Such are the facts. 的主語一致 Between the two hills stands a monument. Which is your bag?Which are y our bags? Are any of you good at Englis What, who, which, any, more, all 等 邏 h?Has any of you got a pen? 代詞可以是單數，也可是複數，主要靠意思 All can be done has been done. 來決定。 輯 All is going well. All have been taken out.All hav 意 e gone to Beijing. Thirty minutes is enough for th 義 e work.. 表示時間重量長度價值等的名詞的 Twenty pounds is too dear. 一 複數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數 如強調這類詞的複數意義，則謂語動詞 致 形式，這是由於作主語的名詞在概念 要用複數形式 上是一個整體。 原 Forty kilos of water are used e very day. 則 The United States is smaller th 若英語是書名名格言劇名報名國名 an China. "The Arabian Nights" is an inter 等的複數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單

esting story-book. 數形式。 One and a half apples is left o 表數量的短語"one and a half"後面接復 n the table. 數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。 一些學科名詞是以-ics結尾，如：mathem atics, politics, physics 以及news, wo rks 等。都屬於形式上是複數的名詞，實際The paper works was built in 1990.這 意義為單數名詞，家造紙廠建於1990年。 I don't think physics is easy to 它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數 study. 形式。 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, sci My glasses are broken. ssors (剪刀)等詞作主語時，謂語用複數， 但如果這些名詞前有a(the) pair of 等量 The pair of shoes under the be 詞修飾時（clothes被a suit of 修飾）謂 d is his. 語動詞用單數。 The old are taken good care of "定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞"，表示某一類 there. 人動詞用複數；若表示某一類東西時，動詞 The beautiful gives pleasure to 用單數。 all. Either the teacher or the stude nts are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly 當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, n right. ot only but also ,whether or 連接時， 就 謂語動詞和鄰近的主語保持一致,即就近一 Neither they nor he is wholly ri 致。 ght. 近 Is neither he nor they wholly ri /遠 ght? There are two chairs and a des there be 句型中be 動詞的單複數取決於 一 k in the room. 其後的主語。如果其後是由and連接的兩個 主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即 There is a desk and two chairs 致 就近一致。 in the room. 原 Mr. Green, together with his wi 主語後面跟有with, together with, exc fe and children, has come to C ept, but, like, as well as, no less th 則 an, rather than, more than, beside hina. s, along with, including, in addition A woman with a baby was on t to 等引起的短語，謂語動詞要跟主語一致， he bus. 即就遠一致。 Nobody but Jim and Mike was

on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy ha ve learned to speak Japanese. No one except my teachers kno ws anything about it.

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