An event is something that happens at a particular point in space and at a particular time. So one can specify it by four numbers or coordinates. Again, the choice of coordinates is arbitrary; one can use any three well-defined spatial coordinates and any measure of time. In relativity, there is no real distinction between the space and time coordinates, just as there is no real difference between any two space coordinates.
One could choose a new set of coordinates in which, say, the first space coordinate was a combination of the old first and second space coordinates. For instance, instead of measuring the position of a point on the earth in miles north of Piccadilly and miles west of Piccadilly, one could use miles northeast of Piccadilly, and miles north-west of Piccadilly. Similarly, in relativity, one could use a new time coordinate that was the old time (in seconds) plus the distance (in light-seconds) north of Piccadilly.
It is often helpful to think of the four coordinates of an event as specifying its position in a four-dimensional space called space-time. It is impossible to imagine a four-dimensional space. I personally find it hard enough to visualize three-dimensional space! However, it is easy to draw diagrams of two-dimensional spaces, such as the surface of the earth.
(The surface of the earth is two-dimensional because the position of a point can be specified by two coordinates, latitude and longitude.) I shall generally use diagrams in which time increases upward and one of the spatial dimensions is shown horizontally. The other two spatial dimensions are ignored or, sometimes, one of them is indicated by perspective. (These are called space-time diagrams, like Fig. 2.1.) For example, in Fig.2.2 time is measured upward in years and the distance along the line from the sun to Alpha Centauri is measured horizontally in miles. The paths of the sun and of Alpha Centauri through space-time are shown as the vertical lines on the left and right of the diagram. A ray of light from the sun follows the diagonal line, and takes four years to get from the sun to Alpha Centauri.
Diagram 图表
Latitude 纬度
Longitude 经度
一个事件是发生于特定时刻和空间中特定的一点的某种东西。这样，人们可以用四个数或座标来确定它，并且座标系的选择是任意的；人们可以用任何定义好的空间座标和一个任意的时间测量。在相对论中，时间和空间座标没有真正的差别，犹如任何两个空间座标没有真正的差别一样。譬如可以选择一族新的座标，使得第一个空间座标是旧的第一和第二空间座标的组合。例如，测量地球上一点位置不用在伦敦皮卡迪里圆环以北和以西的里数，而是用在它的东北和西北的里数（1英里=1.609公里）。类似地，人们在相对论中可以用新的时间座标，它是旧的时间（以秒作单位）加上往北离开皮卡迪里的距离（以光秒为单位）。
将一个事件的四座标作为在所谓的时空的四维空间中指定其位置的手段经常是有助的。对我来说，摹想三维空间已经足够困难！然而很容易画出二维空间图，例如地球的表面。（地球的表面是两维的，因为它上面的点的位置可以用两个座标，例如纬度和经度来确定。）通常我将使用二维图，向上增加的方向是时间，水平方向是其中的一个空间座标。不管另外两个空间座标，或者有时用透视法将其中一个表示出来。（这些被称为时空图，如图2.1所示。）例如，在图2.2中时间是向上的，并以年作单位，而沿着从太阳到α-半人马座连线的距离在水平方向上以英哩来测量。太阳和α-半人马座通过时空的途径是由图中的左边和右边的垂直线来表示。从太阳发出的光线沿着对角线走，并且要花4年的时间才能从太阳走到α-半人马座。
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